Biochemistry Flashcards
What do sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides turn into
polysaccharides
fats/membrane lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
what are some properties of carbohydrates
hydrophilic, polar, water soluble
n(CH20)
What are monosaccharides classified into
Aldoses or ketoses
what is the cyclic structure called when going from linear to cyclic form
pyranose
what is the most naturally occurring sugar
D-isomers
D-glucose (dextrose) can be metabolised and not L-glucose
what is meant by an epimer
stereoisomer that differs in configuration at a single asymmetric/chrial carbon
what is meant by anomeric carbon
anomeric carbon - C1 in the ring structure
what happens when a glycosidic bond forms
the alpha and beta configurations are locked, so can no longer switch
what are the 3 main types of lipids
Triacylglycerols - hydrophobic so stored in fat droplets in cells
Glycerophospholipids - Amphipathic
Steroids - Cholesterol inserts into membrane to regulate fluidity
which amino acids are positive and negative (both polar)
positive - lysine, arginine, histidine
negative - aspartate, glutamate
which amino acids are uncharged and polar
tyrosine, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine
which amino acids are non polar
glycine alanine valine leucine isoleucine proline phenylalanine tryptophan cysteine methionine
what is meant by enthalpy change
the sum of energy released when forming bonds, and required to break bonds
which reactions are more likely to occur. - or + enthalpy change
-ve enthalpy change more likley to occur
what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics
all processes must increase the entropy of the universe
