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CBSE > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A

aka retinol
antioxidant
epithelial cell differentiation
tx for acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia

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2
Q

Vit A deficiency

A

night blindness
scaly skin
keratin spots on eyes
immunosuppression

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3
Q

Vit. A Excess

A

teratogenic
dry skin/alopecia
liver toxicity
vertigo/blurred vision (acute)

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4
Q

Vitamin B1

A

aka thiamine

cofactor for dehydrogenase enzymes: TCA cycle, glycolysis, and HMT shunt

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5
Q

Vit. B1 Deficiency

A

impaired glucose breakdown and ATP depletion

  • Wet & Dry Beri Beri
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (confusion + ophthalmoplegia + ataxia)
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6
Q

Vitamin B2

A

aka riboflavin

component of FAD and FMN, cofactors for redox reactions (TCA Cycle)

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7
Q

Vit. B2 Deficiency

A

Cheilosis,

corneal vascularization

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8
Q

Vitamin B3

A

aka niacin
component of NAD+ and NADP+
derived from tryptophan
requires B2 and B6 for synthesis

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9
Q

Vit B3 deficiency

A

Glossitis

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

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10
Q

Vitamin B5

A

aka pantothenic acid
component of coenzyme A
CoA important for acyl transfers and FA synthesis

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11
Q

Vit. B5 deficiency

A

dermatitis, enteritis, adrenal insufficiency

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12
Q

Vitamin B6

A

aka pyridoxine
converted to PLP, which is an important cofactor
aids in synthesis of: niacin, heme, histamine, and NTs

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13
Q

Vit. B6 deficiency

A

convulsions, neuropathy

sideroblastic anemia

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14
Q

Vitamin B7

A 
aka biotin
cofactor for carboxylation enzymes:
- pyruvate -> oxaloacetate
- acetyl CoA -> malonyl CoA
- propionyl coA -> methylmalonyl CoA
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15
Q

Vit. B7 Deficiency

A

rare

dermatitis, alopecia

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16
Q

Vitamin B9

A

aka folate

important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA

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17
Q

Vit B9 deficiency

A

anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
glossitis
no neurologic symptoms

18
Q

Vitamin B12

A

aka cobalamin
cofactor for methionine synthase
important for DNA synthesis

19
Q

Vit B12 Deficiency

A

anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
neurologic symptoms (degeneration and paresthesias) due to ABNORMAL MYELIN

20
Q

Vitamin C

A 
aka ascorbic acid
antioxidant
facilitates iron absorption by reducing it to fe2+
important for collagen synthesis
helps convert dopamine to NE
21
Q

Vit C Deficiency

A

scurvy - swollen gums, petechiae, poor wound healing

weakened immune response

22
Q

Vit. C Excess

A

calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis

n/v

23
Q

Vitamin D

A

aids in absorption of calcium and phosphate
increased bone mineralization
increases bone resorption

24
Q

Vit. D deficiency

A

rickets

osteomalacia

25
Q

Vit. D Excess

A

hypercalcemia/uria

occurs in granulomatous diseases

26
Q

Vitamin E

A

aka tocopherol, tocotroenol

antioxidant for rbcs and membranes

27
Q

Vit. E deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia
acanthocytosis
demyelination

28
Q

Vitamin K

A

aka phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione, menaquinone
cofactor, maturation of clotting factors:
- ii, vii, ix, x
- proteins c and s

29
Q

Vit. K deficiency

A

neonatal hemorrhage (requires gut microbiome to synthesis vit. K)

30
Q

Zinc

A

essential mineral for activity of enzymes

formation of transcription factor

31
Q

Zinc Deficiency

A

delayed wound healing
suppressed immunity
decreased hair

32
Q

RDE of glycolysis

A

PFK-1

33
Q

RDE of gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose - 1,6 - bisphosphatase

34
Q

RDE of TCA cycle

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

35
Q

RDE of Glycogenesis

A

glycogen synthase

36
Q

RDE of glycogenolysis

A

glycogen phosphorylase

37
Q

RDE of urea cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase i

38
Q

RDE of FA synthesis

A

Acetyl coA carboxylase

39
Q

RDE of ketogenesis

A

HMG-CoA synthase

40
Q

RDE of Cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG-CoA reductase

41
Q

RDE of FA oxidation

A

carnitine acyltransferase

CBSE (3 decks)

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