Biochemistry

Question 1

Each amino acids has the ff structures

Answer 1

carboxyl group, amino group, distinctive side chain

Question 2

A nonpolar amino acid with the smallest side chain and is used in first step of heme synthesis

Answer 2

Glycine

Question 3

A nonpolar amino acid which is a carrier of ammonia and of the carbons of pyruvate from skeletal muscle to liver

Answer 3

Alanine

Question 4

What are the branched-chain amino acids whose metabolites accumulate in maple syrup urine disease

Answer 4

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

Question 5

Precursor of tyrosine?

Answer 5

Phenylalanine

Question 6

Precursor for Niacin, Serotonin, Melatonin

Answer 6

Tryptophan

Question 7

Precursor of homocysteine?

Answer 7

Methionine

Question 8

An imino acid that contributes to the fibrous structure of collagen and interrupts alpha helices in globular proteins

Answer 8

Proline

Question 9

A nonpolar amino acid that is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

Answer 9

Glycine

Question 10

A nonpolar amino acid which, in together with glycine, constitutes a major fraction of free acids in the blood

Answer 10

Alanine

Question 11

Tyrosine is the precursor of these compounds:

Answer 11

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, L dopa, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Thyroxine, Melanin

Question 12

What amino acid is the site for N linked glycosylation of proteins?

Answer 12

Asparagine

Question 13

Is deaminated by glutaminase resulting in the formation of ammonia, and is a major carrier of nitrogen to the liver from peripheral tissues

Answer 13

Glutamine

Question 14

An amino acid which contains a sulfydryl group that is an active part of many enzymes

Answer 14

Cysteine

Question 15

An amino acid which participates in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A?

Answer 15

Cysteine

Question 16

Two amino acids that are negatively charged at neutral pH because of carboxylate group

Answer 16

Aspartate and Glutamate

Question 17

Precursors for GABA and glutathione

Answer 17

Glutamate

Question 18

Two amino acids that are positively charged at physiologic pH

Answer 18

Arginine and Lysine

Question 19

Precursor of histamine

Answer 19

Histidine

Question 20

Precursor of creatinine, urea, and nitric oxide

Answer 20

Arginine

Question 21

Proteim Structure: determined by amino acid sequence

Answer 21

Primary Structure

Question 22

Peptide bonds attaches which 2 structures?

Answer 22

alpha amino group to alpha carbonyl

Question 23

Protein structure: folding of short (3-30) contiguous segments which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding

Answer 23

secondary structures

Question 24

Keratin and Hemoglobin are examples of which secondary structures?

Answer 24

Alpha Helix

Question 25

Amyloid and Immunoglobulin are examples of which secondary structures?

Answer 25

Beta sheets

Question 26

Protein structure: overall 3D shape of protein

Answer 26

Tertiary Structure

Question 27

Pathology of Prion Diseases?

Answer 27

PrPc -alpha helices to pathogenic conformation PrPsc rich in Beta sheets

Question 28

Most common and most important degenerative disease of the brain: diffuse cerebral atrophy with dementia

Answer 28

Alzheimer Disease

Question 29

Characteristic feature of alzheimer disease?

Answer 29

senile plaques and neurofibrillary bundles (protein beta amyloid)

Question 30

what is the potential mediator of conformational transformation in alzheimer disease

Answer 30

apolipoprotein E

Question 31

amino acids found in collagen?

Answer 31

proline and glycine

Question 32

amino acids found in collagen?

Answer 32

proline and glycine

Question 33

what is X and Y in collagen structure?

Answer 33

X - Proline Y - hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine

Question 34

Type 1 collagen

Answer 34

Bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair

Question 35

Type II collagen

Answer 35

Cartilage (including hyaline), vitreous body, nucleus pulposus

Question 36

Type III collagen

Answer 36

(Reticulin) Skin, Blood Vessels, Uterus, Fetal tissue, Granulation tissue

Question 37

Type IV collagen

Answer 37

Basement membrane or basal lamina

Question 38

Type VII collagen

Answer 38

beneath stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

Characteristics of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Answer 39

hyperextensibility of skin, abnormal tissue fragility, increased joint mobility

Question 40

What type of collagen is defective in Osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 40

type I collagen

Question 41

Manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 41

multiple fractures, blue sclerae, conductive hearing loss, dental imperfections

Question 42

What collagen is defective in Alport Syndrome?

Answer 42

Type IV collagen

Question 43

Manifestations of Alpory Syndrome?

Answer 43

Hematuria (main presenting sign), ocular lesions, sensorineural hearing loss, esrd

Question 44

What type of defect is seen in epidermolysis bullosa?

Answer 44

Type VII

Question 45

What is defective in Scurvy?

Answer 45

Hydroxylation of collagen requiring ascorbic acid

Question 46

Manifestations of scurvy?

Answer 46

Sore spongy gums, Loose teeth, poor wound healing. petechiae on skin and mucous membranes

Question 47

What collagen disease is characterized with kinky hair and growth retardation?

Answer 47

Menkes Disease

Question 48

In Menkes Disease, what dietary vitamin is deficient and wha enzyme is required for covalent crosslinking of collagen fibers?

Answer 48

Copper; lysyl oxidase

Question 49

Tissues where elastic recoil are needed?

Answer 49

lungs, large arteries, elastic ligaments, vocal cords, ligamentum flavum

Question 50

Components of elastin?

Answer 50

Proline and Lysine, little hydroxyproline, no hydroxylysine

Question 51

what precursor of elastin is deposited into an irregular fibrillin scsffold which id crosslinked by desmosine?

Answer 51

Tropoelastin

Question 52

What gene is mutated in Marfan Syndrome?

Answer 52

Fibrillin gene

Question 53

Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome?

Answer 53

Dolichostenomelia, Arachnodactyly, Aortic Dissection, Ectopia lentis

Question 54

What is the role of alpha 1 antitrypsin?

Answer 54

inhibits proteolytic enzyme from hydroloyzing and destroying proteins

Question 55

Compounds that increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons

Answer 55

Uncouplers

Question 56

ATP inhibitor that directly inhibits ATP synthase (complex v)

Answer 56

ATP synthase inhibitors

Question 57

Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transporter of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion

Answer 57

Atractyloside