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Uslm Step 1 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

DNA condensed ?

A

Chromatin

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2
Q

What make the Nucleosome?

A

Histone + DNA

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3
Q

What aminoácido have the histone?

A

Lysine and arginine

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4
Q

What’s the structure that stabilize the chromatin?

A

H1

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5
Q

What’s te phase when DNA condenses to chromatin?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

DNA + histone synthesis occur in..?

A

S phase

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7
Q

One nucleosome is made by.?

A

(H2A, H2B, H3, H4) x2

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8
Q

Witch chromatin is less condensed on EM?

A

Euchromatin

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9
Q

Which chromatin is darker on EM?

A

Heterochromatin

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10
Q

Which chromatin is high transcriptionally active?

A

Euchromatin

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11
Q

Which chromatin have high methylation?

A

Heterochromatin

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12
Q

What kind of chromatin are Barr bodies?

A

Heterochromatin

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13
Q

What does the methylation of DNA at CP6 islands do?

A

Represses transcription

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14
Q

What does the histone acetylation makes to DNA?

A

activate it

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15
Q

Nucleoside?

A

Base + deoxy ribose

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16
Q

Nucleotide?

A

Base + deoxy ribose +phosphate

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17
Q

Who’s the purines?

A

Adenine and guanidine

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18
Q

How many rings does purines have?

A

2

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19
Q

Who’s the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, uracil and thymine

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20
Q

How many rings does the pyrimidine have?

A

1

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21
Q

What does deamination of cytosine do?

A

Uracil

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22
Q

What does deamination of adenine do?

A

Guanine

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23
Q

Where you can found uracil?

A

RNA

24
Q

Where you can found thymine?

A

DNA

25
Q

How many bound are between guanine and cytosine?

A

3

26
Q

How many bounds are between adenine and thymine/uracil?

A

2

27
Q

What are the amino acids necessary for purines synthesis?

A

Glycine, aspartame, glutamine

28
Q

What’s does methylation of uracil do?

A

Thymine

29
Q

How works leflunomide?

A

Inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase

30
Q

What does methotrexate do?

A

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in humans

31
Q

What does timethoprim do?

A

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in batería

32
Q

What does pyrimethpmine do?

A

Inhibits dihydofolate reductase in Protozoa

33
Q

How works 5-fluoroucil?

A

Forms 5-F-dUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthase

34
Q

What does 6-mercaptopurine do?

A

Inhibit de novo purine synthesis

35
Q

What’s the prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

Azathiopine

36
Q

How works mycophenolate/ribavirin ?

A

Inhibit inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

37
Q

What does hidroxyurea do?

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

38
Q

Why is adenosine deaminase important?

A

Because is required or degradation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine.

39
Q

What occurs In ADA deficiency?

A

^ dATP so the toxicity in lymphocytes.

40
Q

Ada deficiency is response of what?

A

One o the major causes of autosomal recessive SCID

41
Q

What is Lesh-nyhan syndrome?

A

A x-linked recessive syndrome with defective purines salvage due to absent HGPRT.

42
Q

Whats HGPRT do?

A

Converts hipoxantyne to IMP and guanine to GMP

43
Q

Findings of sx lesch-Nyhan ?

A

Hyperuricemia, gout, aggression, self mutilation, intellectual disability and dystonia.

44
Q

Treatment of 1st line of Lesch-Nyhan sx?

A

Allopurinol

45
Q

Treatment of 2nd line of Lesch-Nyhan sx?

A

Febuxostat

46
Q

How does allopurinol/febuxostat works?

A

Inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO)

47
Q

What’s the compose of the ornate sand in Lesch-Nyah’s sx?

A

Sodium urate crystals

48
Q

When a purine is changed to a Purine, or a pyrimidine to pyrimidine what kind o mutation in DNA is?

A

Transition

49
Q

Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine is what kind o mutation?

A

Trans version

50
Q

Nucleotide substitution but codes for same amino acid; often change in 3rd position of codon

A

Silent

51
Q

Nuke o tide substitution resulting in early stop condone (UAG, UAA, UGA). Usually nonfunctional protein.

A

Nonsense

52
Q

Nucleotide substitution resulting in changes amino aid

A

Missense

53
Q

What kind of mutation in DNA is the Sickle cell disease?

A

Missense

54
Q

What amino acid is substituted and by whom in DNA codon in sickle cell disease?

A

Glutamine x valine

55
Q

Deletion or insertion of a number of nucleotides not divisible by 3, misreading of all nucleotides downstream.

A

Frameshift

56
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and tay-Sachs disease are..?

A

Frameshift mutations

Uslm Step 1 (1 decks)

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