Biochemistry Flashcards
The study of chemical reaction of living
Bio chemistry
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Element
Hydrogen oxygen and sodium potassium
Examples of elements
The most abundant elements in living things are
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
All elements are made up of particles called
Atoms
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Examples of atoms
When two or more elements combine chemically what is formed
A compound
Compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms are
Inorganic compounds
Water salts carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid
examples of inorganic compounds
Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms are
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates proteins lipids and nucleic acid’s are examples of
Organic compounds because they are large and complex
Sugars and starches, which are used primarily as sources of energy and as food storage compounds are
Carbohydrates
These substances are made up of carbon hydrogen an accident in the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 2 to 1
Carbohydrates
The simplest carbohydrates are the
Monosaccharides or simple sugars
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all
Simple sugars
Maltose, and sucrose are known as_______________, sugars whose molecules are made up of two monosaccharides
Disaccharides
The complex carbohydrates that are made up of chains of monosaccharides are
Polysaccharides
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Examples of polysaccharides that are made up of chains of glucose molecules
In plants, ____________ is a food storage compound and _____________ makes up the cell walls
Starch
Cellulose
In animal,___________ is the food storage compound
Glycogen
Enzymes, hormones and various structural parts of organisms are
Proteins
Proteins are made up of smaller subunits called
Amino acids
Amino acids contain the elements
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Fats, oils, and waxes belong to a class of organic compounds
Lipids
The building blocks of ___________ are fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
Do you and is located in the
Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts of the cell
Composed of thousands of smart chemical units that are repeated over and over again that’s forming giant Molecules
Polymers
Regulates the rate of the chemical reactions
Enzymes
Substances that change the rate of a chemical reaction but our themselves on changed by the reaction
Enzymes and biological catalysts
A late, complex protein that consist of one or more polypeptides change
Enzyme
