Biochemistry Flashcards
What are ions
Charged atoms causes by ionic bonds (atom loses electron)
What are covenant bonds
Atoms share electrons forming molecules the more bonds a molecule has the more energy it contain
What is a spoliation
Solute substance being dissolved
Solvent the substance into witchcraft the solute is dissolved
(In dissolvable is called in suspension)
Blood is a suspension
Acids
Almost always start with H turn Litmus paper red and taste sour.
Bases
Bases almost always end with -OH from excess hydroxide ions
turn litmus blue usually feel slippery and bitter.
Neutralisation
When acids and bases react they form salt and water
Ph scale
0-5 strong acid
6-7 neutral
8-14 strong base
What are the major protein functions
Growth and repair
Energy
Buffer keeps oh constant
Protein structure
Primary - Aa link to Aa(polypeptide)
Secondary helical cooling of chain
Tertiary - folding helix responsible for proteins properties
quarternary haemoglobin
Nucleotides
Found in all cells neuclaic acid store and transmits info.
5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
What are the 4types of nucleotides
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Contains genetic code
Found I chromosomes of nucleus and a few other organelles
Lead by phosphate group a sugar and nitrogen base(neucleotide)
Enzymes
Organic catalysts made of protein
Lower the energy needed to start a reaction end in -ase
Begin to be destroyed at 45C above this proteins are destroyed
How are enzymes shaped?
They can only lock up to a specific substrate molecule
What affects enzyme efficiency?
Heat must be between 35-40C optimally
Ph mainly act in 7 but a few can be in 2(gastric)
Concentration of enzyme and substrate reaction levels off when there is an excess of substrate
