Biochemistry Flashcards
What are ions
Charged atoms causes by ionic bonds (atom loses electron)
What are covenant bonds
Atoms share electrons forming molecules the more bonds a molecule has the more energy it contain
What is a spoliation
Solute substance being dissolved
Solvent the substance into witchcraft the solute is dissolved
(In dissolvable is called in suspension)
Blood is a suspension
Acids
Almost always start with H turn Litmus paper red and taste sour.
Bases
Bases almost always end with -OH from excess hydroxide ions
turn litmus blue usually feel slippery and bitter.
Neutralisation
When acids and bases react they form salt and water
Ph scale
0-5 strong acid
6-7 neutral
8-14 strong base
What are the major protein functions
Growth and repair
Energy
Buffer keeps oh constant
Protein structure
Primary - Aa link to Aa(polypeptide)
Secondary helical cooling of chain
Tertiary - folding helix responsible for proteins properties
quarternary haemoglobin
Nucleotides
Found in all cells neuclaic acid store and transmits info.
5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
What are the 4types of nucleotides
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Contains genetic code
Found I chromosomes of nucleus and a few other organelles
Lead by phosphate group a sugar and nitrogen base(neucleotide)
Enzymes
Organic catalysts made of protein
Lower the energy needed to start a reaction end in -ase
Begin to be destroyed at 45C above this proteins are destroyed
How are enzymes shaped?
They can only lock up to a specific substrate molecule
What affects enzyme efficiency?
Heat must be between 35-40C optimally
Ph mainly act in 7 but a few can be in 2(gastric)
Concentration of enzyme and substrate reaction levels off when there is an excess of substrate
What two types of compounds found in calls
Organic usually contain C O H the chronicles of life
Inorganic usually support life no specific ratio of C O H
