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Biology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Element

A

basic substance that cannot be broken down into other substances

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3
Q

Molecule

A

formed when atoms of either the same or different elements combine

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4
Q

Compound

A

formed when 2 different elements combine resulting in new properties

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

center of the atom

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6
Q

Protons

A

positive

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7
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral

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8
Q

Electrons

A

negative

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9
Q

Ion

A

a charged particle that has gained or lost electrons

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10
Q

Cation

A

positive charged ion

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11
Q

Anion

A

negative charged ion

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12
Q

Isotope

A

atoms have a different # of neutrons than the normal amount

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13
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

created by gaining or losing electrons between elements

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14
Q

Covalent Bond

A

bond where electrons are shared between two atoms

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15
Q

Polar Molecule

A

carries an electrical charge at opposite poles

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16
Q

Non-Polar Molecules

A

do not posses a charge

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17
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

the attraction between a hydrogen atom and a electronegative atom

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

occurs when water is attracted to molecules other than water

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

occurs when water is attracted to other water molecules

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20
Q

Surface Tension

A

cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water

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21
Q

Hydrophobic Substances

A
  • Water Fearing

- Do not interact with water

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22
Q

Hydrophilic Substances

A
  • Water Loving

- Dissolve in Water

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23
Q

Molecular Formula

A

tells the atoms, and number of atoms of each, that make up a molecule

24
Q

Structural Formula

A

shows the shape of the molecule

25
Q

Inorganic Compounds

A

Compounds that DO NOT contain Carbon

26
Q

Acids

A

substances that form hydrogen (H+) ions in water pH scale 0-7

27
Q

Bases

A

substances that form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water, pH scale 7-14

28
Q

Organic Compounds

A

contains Carbon

29
Q

Monomer

A

one unit

30
Q

Polymer

A

chain of monomers

31
Q

Hydrolysis

A

the breaking of bonds between monomers in a polymer by adding water

32
Q

Disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides joined together

33
Q

Polysaccharide

A

three or more monosaccharides joined together

34
Q

Starch

A

stored plant sugars

35
Q

Glycogen

A

stored animal sugars

36
Q

Cellulose

A

structural component of plant walls

37
Q

Chitin

A

found in exoskeletons of some animals and cell walls of fungi

38
Q

Triglycerides

A

Long Term energy storage

39
Q

Phospholipids

A

compose cell membranes

40
Q

Waxes

A
  • formed by combining alcohol with oil

- protects plants from water loss

41
Q

steroids

A
  • chemical messengers

- cholesterol is a steroid molecule that keeps the cell membrane flexible

42
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messenger

43
Q

Saturated Fats

A
  • animal fats
  • solid at room temp
  • lacks double bond in carbon chain
44
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A
  • plant fats
  • remains liquid at room temp
  • has a double bond on carbon chain
45
Q

Triglycerides

A

long term energy storage

46
Q

Philospholipids

A

compose cell membranes

47
Q

Waxes

A
  • formed by combining alcohol and oil

- Protects plants from water loss

48
Q

Steroids

A
  • Chemical Messengers

- Cholesterol is a steroid molecule that keeps the cell membrane flexible

49
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical Messenger

50
Q

Insulin

A

removes excess sugar from the blood and stores it as glycogen

51
Q

Hemoglobin

A

carries oxygen on red blood cells

52
Q

Peptide Bonds

A

bonds that hold Amino Acids together

53
Q

Enzymes

A
  • proteins that are used to speed up metabolic reactions (catalysts)
  • lower the activation energy
  • remain unchanged at the end of a reaction
  • reusable
54
Q

Competitive Inhibitor

A

-a substance that resembles the substrate and binds to the active site

55
Q

Non-Competitive Inhibitor

A
  • substance that interacts with the enzyme at a location other than an active site
  • changes the shape of the active site
56
Q

Optimal Conditions

A

-optimal temperature/pH: where the enzyme function most effectively

57
Q

Denatured Enzyme

A
  • In extreme heat or pH, enzymes will break down and their active sites will change shape.
  • They will no longer catalyze the reaction.

Biology (3 decks)

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