biochemistry Flashcards
What’s does Covalent Bonds do?
Share electrons
What does Non-Polar Covalent Bonds do?
Share equal electrons.
What does Polar Covalent Bonds do?
Share unequal electrons.
The definition of Electronegativity is?
How greedy an element is when it shares Electrons.
Are Carbon and Hydrogen shared equally?
True.
Due to the fact that Oxygen is more electronegativity than Hydrogen, what does this mean?
Electrons are closer to Oxygen than Carbo or Hydrogen in a C-O or O-H bond.
C-C and C-H bonds are?
Non-Polar
C-O and O-H Bonds are?
Polar
Is it true that water is polar?
True
Water is present as?
A solid, liquid, and gas under Earth conditions.
Water cohesive means?
Strong surface tension.
Water’s adhesiveness means?
Crawl up a glass tube.( Aka water is attracted to other substances)
Water is both?
A weak acid and base
what does carbon do when it is bound to other carbons or hydrogen?
Shares electrons equally, and thus reduced.
Polymers are?
Long chains of repeating subunits joined together by common bond types.
-Can mix-and-match to make a nearly infinite number of combinations
* Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids are polymers. Lipids are not
What are Carbohydrates?
Sugars, starches, polysaccharides, carbs.
-Most sugars end in -ose (glucose, lactose, sucrose, fructose, dextrose, etc.)
-Typically have a hexagonal structure
Denaturing is?
Changes in protein structure due to changes in environment. Can be reversable or irreversible.
The protein structures are?
Primary - the linear sequence of amino acids from the N-terminus to C-terminus
Secondary - alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
Nucleotide three components are?
Nitrogenous base (ATCG and AUCG)
* 5-carbon sugar (pentose sugar)
* Phosphate group
The two types of DNA and RNA are?
- DNA: 2’ -H
- RNA: 2’ -OH
- DNA: ATCG
- RNA: AUCG
Do Lipids have monomers?
They are not polymers so no monomers.
*They are non polar (hydrophobic)
* Proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids are polar (hydrophilic)
What do Lipids use?
Use energy storage, cushioning, insulation, membrane structure, hormones, etc.
Also Used as hormones (estrogen, testosterone, etc.) and membrane
structure (cholesterol
What are the pros and cons of plants primarily store energy as carbohydrates?
Pros: Ease of access for energy
Cons: more mass (but plants don’t care much since they don’t move)
What are the pros and cons of animals primarily storing energy as lipids?
Pros: more efficient storage since you get more energy pergram
Cons: difficult to access
