Biochemistry Flashcards
Polar molecule
When a molecule has one end that is negatively charged and one end that is positively charged
What bond forms between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
Adhesion
Adhesion is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind
Cohesion
The attraction between molecules of the same type
Hydrophilic
Water loving (Most polar molecules)
Hydrophobic
Water hating (Most non-polar molecules) (All lipids are hydrophobic)
Protons
Positively charged
Electrons
Negatively charged
Number of protons in center of water
8
Shape of a water molecule
Hidden Mickey
Why does water have a high specific heat capacity
Because hydrogen bonds restrict the movement of water molecules and increases in water temperature require these bonds to be broken. Energy is required to do this so it takes a relatively large amount of energy to raise the temperature of water
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are single sugar units
Disaccharides
Disaccharides are two monosaccharides linked together
Maltose
Two glucose linked together
Sucrose
A glucose and a fructose are linked together
Polysaccharides
Many monosaccharides linked together. Examples: Starch, glycogen, cellulose
Condensation
The process in which monosaccharides combine. Condensation involves the loss of an OH from one and and H from the other which together forms H2O
Hydrolisis
Hydrolysis is the opposite of condensation. Water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exist between a particular substance
Why is it important that water molecules have the property of cohesion?
It is important because it means that if you pull one molecule it will pull the other molecules. This is important as it allows plants to get water from roots to the leaves.
Why do hydrogen bonds form between water molecules?
The positive hydrogen ends of the molecule are attracted to the negative oxygen ends. This is called hydrogen bonding
Solvent properties of water
Due to the polarity of water molecules, the negative end will be attracted to the positive ions and will surround them in shells. This will isolate the ions in a “solution.” The same applies for the positive end of water molecules.
Structure of carbon
Recognizable as a carbon atom as it has 6 protons in the middle + 6 electrons on the outside. The outer shell has 4 electrons but it can actually fit 8 electrons. This means a carbon atom can interact with 4 other atoms
Structure of oxygen
8 protons in center + 8 electrons around it. Oxygen can bond with 2 other atoms
Structure of hydrogen
1 proton in center + 1 electron. Only has room for 1 more electron
