Biochemistry

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

When a molecule has one end that is negatively charged and one end that is positively charged

Question 2

What bond forms between water molecules?

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

Adhesion is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind

Question 4

Cohesion

Answer 4

The attraction between molecules of the same type

Question 5

Hydrophilic

Answer 5

Water loving (Most polar molecules)

Question 6

Hydrophobic

Answer 6

Water hating (Most non-polar molecules) (All lipids are hydrophobic)

Question 7

Protons

Answer 7

Positively charged

Question 8

Electrons

Answer 8

Negatively charged

Question 9

Number of protons in center of water

Answer 9

8

Question 10

Shape of a water molecule

Answer 10

Hidden Mickey

Question 11

Why does water have a high specific heat capacity

Answer 11

Because hydrogen bonds restrict the movement of water molecules and increases in water temperature require these bonds to be broken. Energy is required to do this so it takes a relatively large amount of energy to raise the temperature of water

Question 12

Monosaccharides

Answer 12

Monosaccharides are single sugar units

Question 13

Disaccharides

Answer 13

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides linked together

Question 14

Maltose

Answer 14

Two glucose linked together

Question 15

Sucrose

Answer 15

A glucose and a fructose are linked together

Question 16

Polysaccharides

Answer 16

Many monosaccharides linked together. Examples: Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 17

Condensation

Answer 17

The process in which monosaccharides combine. Condensation involves the loss of an OH from one and and H from the other which together forms H2O

Question 18

Hydrolisis

Answer 18

Hydrolysis is the opposite of condensation. Water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exist between a particular substance

Question 19

Why is it important that water molecules have the property of cohesion?

Answer 19

It is important because it means that if you pull one molecule it will pull the other molecules. This is important as it allows plants to get water from roots to the leaves.

Question 19

Why do hydrogen bonds form between water molecules?

Answer 19

The positive hydrogen ends of the molecule are attracted to the negative oxygen ends. This is called hydrogen bonding

Question 20

Solvent properties of water

Answer 20

Due to the polarity of water molecules, the negative end will be attracted to the positive ions and will surround them in shells. This will isolate the ions in a “solution.” The same applies for the positive end of water molecules.

Question 21

Structure of carbon

Answer 21

Recognizable as a carbon atom as it has 6 protons in the middle + 6 electrons on the outside. The outer shell has 4 electrons but it can actually fit 8 electrons. This means a carbon atom can interact with 4 other atoms

Question 22

Structure of oxygen

Answer 22

8 protons in center + 8 electrons around it. Oxygen can bond with 2 other atoms

Question 23

Structure of hydrogen

Answer 23

1 proton in center + 1 electron. Only has room for 1 more electron

Question 24

Structure of glucose

Answer 24

It is a monosaccharide. It is made up of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. Hexagonal

Question 25

Difference between an alpha glucose and a beta glucose

Answer 25

In an alpha glucose the oh is in the same direction at carbon 1 and 4. In a beta glucose they face opposite directions

Question 26

Glycogen structure

Answer 26

Glycogen forms long chains that can branch. It is made from Alpha glucose

Question 27

Difference between starch and cellulose

Answer 27

Starch can be digested by humans while cellulose cannot be digested by humans. Starch is found in animals as a storage molecule while cellulose is found in plants as a structural molecule

Question 28

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 28

A form of fatty acid that contains more than one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 29

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 29

A form of fatty acid that lacks unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms.