Biochemistry Flashcards
heat is supplied by the surroundings to the system of chemical reaction
endothermic process
heat generated by combustion process is transferred from the system of chemical reaction to surroundings
exothermic process
total energy attributed to particles of matter and their interactions within a system, composed of thermal energy and chemical energy
internal energy
occurs without loss or gain of energy by heat
adiabatic process
major organ controlling body temperature
hypothalamus
proton acceptors
base
all amino acids are chiral except for
glycine
refers to an amino acid which bear no net charge at the isoelectric pH
zwitterion
MSUD enzyme deficient
branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase
PKU enzyme deficient
phenylalanine hydroxylase
precursor of phenylalanine
tyrosine
largest side chain
tryptophan
precursor of homocysteine and cysteine
methionine
treatment for sickle cell disease
hydroxyurea
most abundant protein in the body
collagen
most common form of collagen
type I
upward and outward dislocation of the lens
ectopia lentis
downward and inward dislocation of the lens
homocystinuria
seen in the urine of multiple myeloma patients
kappa and lambda chains (light chains)
most abundant organic molecules in nature
carbohydrates
sugar units are linked together by
glycosidic bonds
excreted in the urine in essential pentosuria
xylulose
nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate
nuclerotide
nitrogenous base + pentose sugar
nucleoside
cortisol prevents hypoglycemia during
stress
glucagon prevents hypoglycemia during
fasting
most abundant free nucleotide in mammalian cell
ATP
chargaff’s rule
purine = pyrimidine
protein coding RNA
mRNA
best indicator for wasting
weight-for-height/length
best indicator for stunting
height/length-for-age
use “length” until
2 years old - beyond that we use height
strongly correlated with various metabolic and disease outcomes
BMI
responsible for liver fibrosis
stellate cells of ito
responsible for liver regeneration
oval cells
most common vitamin deficiency worldwide
vitamin A
earliest sign of vitamin A deficiency
loss of sensitivity to green light
earliest symptom of vitamin A deificency
nyctalopia (night blindness)
follicular hyperkeratosis
phrynoderma or toad skin
acute toxicity in vitamin A
pseudotumor cerebri
headache, vomiting, blurred vision, stupor (may be confused with brain tumor)
biologically active form of vitamin D
1-25-(OH)2-cholecalciferol (calcitriol)
inhibitor of calcium oxalate stone formation
nephrocalcin
what vitamin regulates calcium and phosphorus
vitamin D
major site of iron absorption
proximal duodenum
necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers
keshan cardiomyopathy
specialized group of proteins required for the proper folding of many species of proteins
prevent aggregation of proteins
chaperone proteins
what molecules regulates the allosteric enzymes
effectors
major digestion in the small intestine
pancreatic amylase
hydrolyzes phospholipids
phospholipase A2
chromosome that contains HLA loci
chromosome 6
most common form of complement deficiency worldwide
C2
it is the transfer nad utilization of energy in biologic systems
bioenergetics
