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PLE > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

heat is supplied by the surroundings to the system of chemical reaction

A

endothermic process

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2
Q

heat generated by combustion process is transferred from the system of chemical reaction to surroundings

A

exothermic process

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3
Q

total energy attributed to particles of matter and their interactions within a system, composed of thermal energy and chemical energy

A

internal energy

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4
Q

occurs without loss or gain of energy by heat

A

adiabatic process

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5
Q

major organ controlling body temperature

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

proton acceptors

A

base

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7
Q

all amino acids are chiral except for

A

glycine

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8
Q

refers to an amino acid which bear no net charge at the isoelectric pH

A

zwitterion

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9
Q

MSUD enzyme deficient

A

branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase

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10
Q

PKU enzyme deficient

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase

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11
Q

precursor of phenylalanine

A

tyrosine

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12
Q

largest side chain

A

tryptophan

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13
Q

precursor of homocysteine and cysteine

A

methionine

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14
Q

treatment for sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea

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15
Q

most abundant protein in the body

A

collagen

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16
Q

most common form of collagen

A

type I

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17
Q

upward and outward dislocation of the lens

A

ectopia lentis

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18
Q

downward and inward dislocation of the lens

A

homocystinuria

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19
Q

seen in the urine of multiple myeloma patients

A

kappa and lambda chains (light chains)

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20
Q

most abundant organic molecules in nature

A

carbohydrates

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21
Q

sugar units are linked together by

A

glycosidic bonds

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22
Q

excreted in the urine in essential pentosuria

A

xylulose

23
Q

nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate

A

nuclerotide

24
Q

nitrogenous base + pentose sugar

A

nucleoside

25
Q

cortisol prevents hypoglycemia during

A

stress

26
Q

glucagon prevents hypoglycemia during

A

fasting

27
Q

most abundant free nucleotide in mammalian cell

A

ATP

28
Q

chargaff’s rule

A

purine = pyrimidine

29
Q

protein coding RNA

A

mRNA

30
Q

best indicator for wasting

A

weight-for-height/length

31
Q

best indicator for stunting

A

height/length-for-age

32
Q

use “length” until

A

2 years old - beyond that we use height

33
Q

strongly correlated with various metabolic and disease outcomes

A

BMI

34
Q

responsible for liver fibrosis

A

stellate cells of ito

35
Q

responsible for liver regeneration

A

oval cells

36
Q

most common vitamin deficiency worldwide

A

vitamin A

37
Q

earliest sign of vitamin A deficiency

A

loss of sensitivity to green light

38
Q

earliest symptom of vitamin A deificency

A

nyctalopia (night blindness)

39
Q

follicular hyperkeratosis

A

phrynoderma or toad skin

40
Q

acute toxicity in vitamin A

A

pseudotumor cerebri

headache, vomiting, blurred vision, stupor (may be confused with brain tumor)

41
Q

biologically active form of vitamin D

A

1-25-(OH)2-cholecalciferol (calcitriol)

42
Q

inhibitor of calcium oxalate stone formation

A

nephrocalcin

43
Q

what vitamin regulates calcium and phosphorus

A

vitamin D

44
Q

major site of iron absorption

A

proximal duodenum

45
Q

necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers

A

keshan cardiomyopathy

46
Q

specialized group of proteins required for the proper folding of many species of proteins

prevent aggregation of proteins

A

chaperone proteins

47
Q

what molecules regulates the allosteric enzymes

A

effectors

48
Q

major digestion in the small intestine

A

pancreatic amylase

49
Q

hydrolyzes phospholipids

A

phospholipase A2

50
Q

chromosome that contains HLA loci

A

chromosome 6

51
Q

most common form of complement deficiency worldwide

A

C2

52
Q

it is the transfer nad utilization of energy in biologic systems

A

bioenergetics

53
Q
A

PLE (4 decks)

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