BioChemistry

Question 1

What are compounds with polyhydroxy Aldehyde or Ketone as a functional group called?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

What elements are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 2

C, H, and O

Question 3

How are carbohydrates naturally synthesized?

Answer 3

By plants through the process of Photosynthesis

Question 4

What is the classification of carbohydrates based on the number of units present?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Monosaccharides?

Answer 5

They are sweet, crystalline, water soluble solids and reducing in nature

Question 6

Give examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

Question 7

What are Disaccharides?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates formed when two monosaccharides are joined

Question 8

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 8

They are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule.

Question 9

Give an example of a disaccharide.

Answer 9

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose.

Question 10

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 10

They are macromolecules of carbohydrates which produce hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides on hydrolysis.

Question 11

What is the solubility of starch and glucose in water?

Answer 11

Starch is not soluble in water at room temperature, but glucose is soluble in water.

Question 12

Why is starch not soluble in water at room temperature?

Answer 12

The behavior of starch is due to polymer linkage of molecules as the structure becomes complex, the chances for hydrogen bonding of carbohydrates decrease due to less availability of reactive sites.

Question 13

What is the medicinal use of Dextrose?

Answer 13

Dextrose provides simple carbohydrates to the body that can be easily broken down and processed.

Question 14

What are the sources of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Glucose and fructose can be obtained by fruits, vegetables, honey and cereals.

Question 15

What is the primary protein structure?

Answer 15

The linear arrangement of amino acids in a protein with covalent linkage only.

Question 16

What is denaturation of proteins?

Answer 16

Denaturation of proteins simply means that proteins become unfunctionalized due to disruption and possible destructions in the basic structure of protein.

Question 17

What are some denaturing agents for proteins?

Answer 17

Heat, change in pH, UV-rays, x-Rays, high salt concentration, heavy metals

Question 18

What are some sources of proteins?

Answer 18

Animal source: Meat, Mutton, Chicken, Fish, Eggs; Plants source: Pulses and Beans; Enzymes are made up of protein; Hides; Animal bones are heated to produce Gelatine

Question 19

What are some uses of proteins?

Answer 19

They are essential in formation of protoplasm of cells of our body; Help in regulating metabolism with different enzymes; Our body uses it to build tissues; It is important building block of bones, hormones and other body chemicals; Hides are also proteins and are used to make jackets, shoes and sports items; Gelatine is used to prepare bakery items.

Question 20

What are enzymes?

Answer 20

Enzymes are protein that function as biocatalysts. They can alter or speed up chemical reactions. They remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Question 21

What are some commercial uses of enzymes?

Answer 21

Fermentation, Detergents, Purification of fruit juices, Bread making

Question 22

What is the definition of lipids?

Answer 22

Class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Question 23

What is the process of hydrogenation of vegetable oil?

Answer 23

Addition of molecular hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst (Ni, Pt) to form a saturated compound.

Question 24

What are nucleic acids made up of?

Answer 24

Long chain molecules made up of nucleotides, each consisting of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.

Question 25

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 25

DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose

Question 26

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 26

DNA is a double-stranded molecule while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.

Question 27

How does DNA and RNA base pairing differ?

Answer 27

DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine.

Question 28

What is the difference between uracil and thymine?

Answer 28

Uracil lacks a methyl-group in its ring, unlike thymine.

Question 29

What are vitamins?

Answer 29

Any group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

Question 30

What is the importance of vitamins?

Answer 30

Vitamins allow your body to grow and develop. They also play important roles in bodily function such as metabolism, immunity, and digestion.

Question 31

How are vitamins classified?

Answer 31

They are classified based on their importance and function in the body.

Question 32

What are minerals?

Answer 32

Minerals are inorganic nutrients found in foods that are essential for growth and health and do not contain the element carbon.

Question 33

What are the main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 33

The main types of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 34

What is the simplest form of carbohydrate?

Answer 34

The simplest form of carbohydrate is monosaccharides.

Question 35

Give an example of a disaccharide.

Answer 35

An example of a disaccharide is dextrose

Question 36

What are the complex carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 36

Complex carbohydrates are made up of long chains of polysaccharides.