BioChemistry Flashcards
What are compounds with polyhydroxy Aldehyde or Ketone as a functional group called?
Carbohydrates
What elements are carbohydrates made up of?
C, H, and O
How are carbohydrates naturally synthesized?
By plants through the process of Photosynthesis
What is the classification of carbohydrates based on the number of units present?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
What are the characteristics of Monosaccharides?
They are sweet, crystalline, water soluble solids and reducing in nature
Give examples of Monosaccharides
Fructose, Glucose, Galactose
What are Disaccharides?
Carbohydrates formed when two monosaccharides are joined
What is a monosaccharide?
They are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule.
Give an example of a disaccharide.
Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose.
What is a polysaccharide?
They are macromolecules of carbohydrates which produce hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides on hydrolysis.
What is the solubility of starch and glucose in water?
Starch is not soluble in water at room temperature, but glucose is soluble in water.
Why is starch not soluble in water at room temperature?
The behavior of starch is due to polymer linkage of molecules as the structure becomes complex, the chances for hydrogen bonding of carbohydrates decrease due to less availability of reactive sites.
What is the medicinal use of Dextrose?
Dextrose provides simple carbohydrates to the body that can be easily broken down and processed.
What are the sources of simple carbohydrates?
Glucose and fructose can be obtained by fruits, vegetables, honey and cereals.
What is the primary protein structure?
The linear arrangement of amino acids in a protein with covalent linkage only.
What is denaturation of proteins?
Denaturation of proteins simply means that proteins become unfunctionalized due to disruption and possible destructions in the basic structure of protein.
What are some denaturing agents for proteins?
Heat, change in pH, UV-rays, x-Rays, high salt concentration, heavy metals
What are some sources of proteins?
Animal source: Meat, Mutton, Chicken, Fish, Eggs; Plants source: Pulses and Beans; Enzymes are made up of protein; Hides; Animal bones are heated to produce Gelatine
What are some uses of proteins?
They are essential in formation of protoplasm of cells of our body; Help in regulating metabolism with different enzymes; Our body uses it to build tissues; It is important building block of bones, hormones and other body chemicals; Hides are also proteins and are used to make jackets, shoes and sports items; Gelatine is used to prepare bakery items.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are protein that function as biocatalysts. They can alter or speed up chemical reactions. They remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.
What are some commercial uses of enzymes?
Fermentation, Detergents, Purification of fruit juices, Bread making
What is the definition of lipids?
Class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
What is the process of hydrogenation of vegetable oil?
Addition of molecular hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst (Ni, Pt) to form a saturated compound.
What are nucleic acids made up of?
Long chain molecules made up of nucleotides, each consisting of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.
