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Grade 12 Biology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

the branch of science that studies the chemical processes that occur within living things

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2
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

a large molecule made up of monomers

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3
Q

What are the four classes of macromolecules?

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. lipids
  4. nucleic acids
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4
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

complex sugar molecules

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5
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

the simplest type of a carbohydrate (because it contains a simple sugar)

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6
Q

What is the ratio of monosaccharides?

A

1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen

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7
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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8
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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9
Q

What makes sugars so hydrophilic?

A

they have many polar functional groups which makes them highly soluable

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10
Q

What are functional groups?

A

ionic or strongly polar

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11
Q

What is an isomer?

A

a molecule that has the same chemical formula as another but is arranged differently

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12
Q

Name some isomers

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose are isomers of each other

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13
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

2 monosaccharides that are joined by a dehydration synthesis reaction

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14
Q

What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from a reacting molecule

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15
Q

Name some disaccharides

A

lactose, maltose, and sucrose

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16
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

a bond that’s created when monosaccharides are linked together

17
Q

When is a 1,4 ALPHA glycosidic bond formed?

A

when the OH on the carbon-1 is BELOW the glucose ring

18
Q

When is a 1,4 BETA glycosidic bond formed?

A

when the OH on the carbon-1 is ABOVE the glucose ring

19
Q

What are complex carbohydrates important for?

A

energy storage and structural support

20
Q

What is a glycosidic linkage?

A

when a chain of monosaccharides form a polysaccharide molecule

21
Q

What is polymerization?

A

the process of monomers linking together to form a larger molecule

22
Q

Why are polysaccharides hydrophilic?

A

they are very polar

23
Q

Why can’t polysaccharides dissolve in water?

A

they are too large of a molecule

24
Q
A

Grade 12 Biology (2 decks)

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