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Honors Biology > BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Core of an Atom is __________

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

The nucleus is made up of _________

A

Protons and Neutrons

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3
Q

Protons
Mass =
Charge =

A

Mass: 1 amu
Charge: positive (+)

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4
Q

Neutrons
Mass=
Charge=

A

Mass: 1 amu
Charge: neutral (no charge)

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5
Q

Nucleus has an overall charge of _________

A

Positive

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6
Q

Electrons
Mass=
Charge=

A

Mass: no mass
Charge: negative (-)

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7
Q

Atom overall charge is _______

A

neutral :)

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8
Q

An atom that has either gained or lost and electron is called an _______

A

ion

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9
Q

How much it weighs in grams is called a _______

A

Mass Number

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10
Q

This is located on the periodic table (number of protons).

A

Atomic Number

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11
Q

Variations in elements based on number of neutrons are ______

A

Isotopes

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12
Q

Two or more elements combined chemically is a ________

A

compound

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13
Q

The smallest particle of a compound with independent existence is ___________

A

The molecules of that compound

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14
Q

Electrons spin around the nucleus in specific regions called _________

A

Shells

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15
Q

Blood is a suspension in a mixture we call this type of suspension a ________

A

Colloid

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16
Q

They don’t bond with anything

A

Nobel Gases

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17
Q

Atoms share electrons in their outer energy levels

A

Covalent Bonds

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18
Q

Sending an electron to an atom that is positively charged (opposing charges attract)

A

Ionic Bonds

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19
Q

Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter

A

Physical Properties

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20
Q

Change chemical Nature of material

A

Chemical Properties

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21
Q

States of Matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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22
Q

Energy an object has because of position is called…

A

Potential Energy

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23
Q

The energy of motion=

A

Kinetic Energy

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24
Q

Energy that is locked in the bonds of matter

A

Activation Energy

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25
Q

A chemical that speeds up a reaction is called a …

A

Catalyst

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26
Q

Proteins that speed up are called_____

A

Enzymes

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27
Q

Area where molecules attach to enzyme

A

Substrate

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28
Q

breaking down of activation energy begins.

A

Active Site

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29
Q

Water is made up of two _____ bonds but the molecule has no overall net charge.

A

Covalent

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30
Q

The bond that forms between two polar molecules which have a net charge of zero

A

Hydrogen Bonding

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31
Q

It takes a _____ amount of energy to warm up water 1 degree.

A

large

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32
Q

water molecules binding to other water molecules

A

Cohesion

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33
Q

Combine, but not chemically

A

Mixtures

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34
Q

Solutions (homogeneous mixture)

A

mixture of components that stay mixed

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35
Q

Substance that dissolves others is called a ____

A

solvent

36
Q

Substance that is dissolved

A

Solute

37
Q

Heterogeneous mixtures

A

mixtures that stay separate

38
Q

mixture or two substances that may mix right away but do not stay mixed up.

A

Suspensions

39
Q

Smaller than suspension, but larger than solute (form a partial mix)

A

Colloids

40
Q

ACID

A

donate H+ to a solution increasing the concentration of H+ in the solution.

41
Q

BASES

A

Absorb/ accept H+ and they lower their concentration in the solution.

42
Q

SALTS

A

can be formed by the combination of a strong acid and a strong base.

43
Q

BUFFERS

A

compounds that help absorb or donate H+ at the appropriate time as to keep a solution balanced.

44
Q

measurement of how many concentrated H+ ions there are

A

The pH scale

45
Q

The molecules of life are called _____

A

Organic

46
Q

Carbon bonds to _____ other molecules

A

4

47
Q

A chain of carbon and hydrogen is called a _____

A

hydrocarbon

48
Q

OH= alcohols

A

Hydroxyl Group

49
Q

COOH (double bonded to O and single bonded to OH)

A

Carboxyl Group

50
Q

N attracted to 2H

A

Amino Group

51
Q

P bound to 4 O

A

Phosphate Group

52
Q

a molecule that is building block for something larger

A

Monomer

53
Q

two monomers stuck together

A

Dimer

54
Q

more than tow monomers stuck together.

A

Polymer

55
Q

Pulling water out of two molecules so as to bind them together.

A

Dehydration

56
Q

Adding water to a molecule to break it apart.

A

Hydrolysis

57
Q

contain– C, H, O
example: Glucose
monomers that make them up are called ______
Energy, Structure, Signals

A

Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides

58
Q

They have the same number of atoms but different arrangement

A

Isomers

59
Q

the condensation of two monosaccharides is called ______

A

disaccharide

ex:) Sucrose

60
Q

The largest carbohydrates are________

A

Starches

61
Q

The reaction that breaks down comples molecules-reverse of condensations is called ______

A

hydrolysis

62
Q

We have an enzyme to do this which is called_____

A

Amylase (found in Saliva)

63
Q

We can break down starches but our body cannot break down ______

A

cellulose

64
Q

Contain– C,O,H
examples: Fats, Waxes, Sterols
Energy Storage

A

Lipids

65
Q

Basic Structure of Lipid= _____and _______

A

Tail and Head

66
Q

only form single bonds with carbon Atoms

A

Saturated Fats

67
Q

Form double bonds in Carbon Atoms

A

Unsaturated Fats

68
Q

Found in cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

69
Q

Made of C, H, O, N

examples: Eggs, Seeds, Hair, and Meat

A

Protiens

70
Q

Basic monomers are_____

A

Amino Acids

71
Q

The Amino Acid has 4 groups. What are they?

A

Carboxyl Group -COOH
Ammino Group- NH3
R Group
A Hydrogen Atom -H

72
Q

There are ____ different amino acids

A

20

73
Q

Through a series of _____ reactions, amino acids are joined into a chain to form a ______.

A

dehydration, protiens

74
Q

This is a special bond called a______

A

Peptide bond

75
Q

Two amino acids =

A

dipeptide

76
Q

Three or more amino acids =

A

polypeptide

77
Q

Three dimensional structure of Proteins

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

78
Q

Breaking down of protein molecules changing their shape

A

Denaturation

79
Q

Different types of Protein

A

Glycoproteins

Lipoproteins

80
Q

If we test for proteins we use this type of acid____

A

nitric

81
Q

All instructions for cellular activity are in the _______

A

Nucleic Acids

82
Q

There are two kinds of nucleic acids. What are they?

A

DNA and RNA

83
Q

Both kinds of nucleic acids are made of complex monomers called:_____

A

Nucleotides

84
Q

The bond between the nucleotides is called a _________

A

phosphodiester bond

85
Q

A phosphodiester bond is formed by…

A

phosphate

86
Q

Know the basic drawing of nucleotide!!!

A

Phosphate, Pentose sugar, Nitrogenous Base

Honors Biology (2 decks)

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