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Biochemistry > biochemistry > Flashcards

biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass an occupies space

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2
Q

atom

A

basic unit of matter

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3
Q

atomic mass

A

mass of an atom

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4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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5
Q

capillary action

A

movement of liquid in narrow spaces

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6
Q

surface tension

A

tendency of a liquid surface to resist an external force

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7
Q

cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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8
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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9
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing of electron pairs between atoms

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10
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

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11
Q

ion

A

an atom with a net electric charge

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12
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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13
Q

compound

A

substance formed by chemical bonding

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14
Q

molecule

A

smallest unit of a compound

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15
Q

Subatomic particles

A

electrons (negatively charged), protons (positively charged), neutrons (neutral)

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16
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

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17
Q

polar molecule

A

molecules with an uneven distribution of charge

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18
Q

details of atomic structure

A

nucleus contains protons and neutrons

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19
Q

how a neutron differs from an ion

A

an ion has a net electric charge

20
Q

three different types of covalent bonds

A

Covalent (sharing electrons), Ionic (transfer of electrons), Hydrogen (weak attraction)

21
Q

properties of water

A

cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, high specific heat, ect.

22
Q

organic compound

A

carbon-based componds

23
Q

functional groups

A

Specific groups of atoms giving unique properties
-carboxyl (O=C-O-H)
-aldehyde (H-C=O)
-hydroxyl ( -OH )
-amino (H-N-H)
-ketone (C=O)

24
Q

monomer, dimer, polymer

A

monomer is a single unit, dimer consists of 2 monomers, polymer is a chain of monomers

25
Q

carbohydrate

A

organic compound for energy and structure

26
Q

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

A

single sugar unit, two sugar units, many sugar units

27
Q

lipids

A

diverse hyrophobic molecules (Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, fatty acid, trans fat, glycerol, triglycerides)

28
Q

protiens

A

structural regulatory molecules; energy of last resort, made of amino acids

29
Q

saturated fat

A

single bonds between carbon atoms

30
Q

fatty acid

A

building bloc of lipids

31
Q

trans fat

A

unsaturated fat with trans double bonds

32
Q

glycerol

A

component of triglycerides

33
Q

triglycerides

A

type of liquid storing energy

34
Q

amino acid

A

building block of protiens

35
Q

polypeptide

A

Chain of amino acids

36
Q

nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA; hold genetic information

37
Q

nucleotides

A

building blocks of neucleic acids

38
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

process of combining molecules by removing water

39
Q

hydrolysis

A

process of breaking down molecules using water

40
Q

chon elements

A

common elements in living things (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen ect.)

41
Q

carbohydrates

A

energy and structural molecules

42
Q

Differentiating between stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid

A

0 double bonds: saturated fatty acids
Stearic acid is a typical long chain saturated fatty acid.

1 double bond:
Oleic acid is a typical monounsaturated fatty acid.

2 or more double bonds:
Linoleic acid is a typical polyunsaturated fatty acid.

43
Q

classifying chemincal compounds

A

Chemical compounds can generally be classified into two broad groups: molecular compounds and ionic compounds. Molecular compounds contain only non metals. Ionic compounds are composed of ions joined by ionic bonding. (metal + non metal elements)

44
Q

dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

A

dehydration synthesis- removing water to build bigger molecules (Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose, 2 monosaccharides to build a disaccharide)
Hyrdolysis- adding water to create a smaller molecule (Sucrose + H2O = Glucose and fructose)

45
Q

identifying atomic number/mass/chharge

A

protons=atomic mass=number above the element (z)
atomic mass=bottom number
ions with more protons will have a positive charge and ions with more electrons will have a negative charge

46
Q

celulose digestion

A

Insoluble fiber unable to be digested
animals cant digest cellulose/cant break up bonds between glucose monomers (very abundant) due to lack of enzymes
though they eat a lot of cellulose
leaf cutter ants, cows, rabbits and termites have bacteria in their digestive track that help break down cellulose

Biochemistry (2 decks)

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