biochemistry

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass an occupies space

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

basic unit of matter

Question 3

atomic mass

Answer 3

mass of an atom

Question 4

atomic number

Answer 4

number of protons

Question 5

capillary action

Answer 5

movement of liquid in narrow spaces

Question 6

surface tension

Answer 6

tendency of a liquid surface to resist an external force

Question 7

cohesion

Answer 7

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 8

adhesion

Answer 8

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 10

hydrogen bond

Answer 10

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Question 11

ion

Answer 11

an atom with a net electric charge

Question 12

isotope

Answer 12

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

substance formed by chemical bonding

Question 14

molecule

Answer 14

smallest unit of a compound

Question 15

Subatomic particles

Answer 15

electrons (negatively charged), protons (positively charged), neutrons (neutral)

Question 16

valence electrons

Answer 16

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Question 17

polar molecule

Answer 17

molecules with an uneven distribution of charge

Question 18

details of atomic structure

Answer 18

nucleus contains protons and neutrons

Question 19

how a neutron differs from an ion

Answer 19

an ion has a net electric charge

Question 20

three different types of covalent bonds

Answer 20

Covalent (sharing electrons), Ionic (transfer of electrons), Hydrogen (weak attraction)

Question 21

properties of water

Answer 21

cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, high specific heat, ect.

Question 22

organic compound

Answer 22

carbon-based componds

Question 23

functional groups

Answer 23

Specific groups of atoms giving unique properties
-carboxyl (O=C-O-H)
-aldehyde (H-C=O)
-hydroxyl ( -OH )
-amino (H-N-H)
-ketone (C=O)

Question 24

monomer, dimer, polymer

Answer 24

monomer is a single unit, dimer consists of 2 monomers, polymer is a chain of monomers

Question 25

carbohydrate

Answer 25

organic compound for energy and structure

Question 26

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Answer 26

single sugar unit, two sugar units, many sugar units

Question 27

lipids

Answer 27

diverse hyrophobic molecules (Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, fatty acid, trans fat, glycerol, triglycerides)

Question 28

protiens

Answer 28

structural regulatory molecules; energy of last resort, made of amino acids

Question 29

saturated fat

Answer 29

single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 30

fatty acid

Answer 30

building bloc of lipids

Question 31

trans fat

Answer 31

unsaturated fat with trans double bonds

Question 32

glycerol

Answer 32

component of triglycerides

Question 33

triglycerides

Answer 33

type of liquid storing energy

Question 34

amino acid

Answer 34

building block of protiens

Question 35

polypeptide

Answer 35

Chain of amino acids

Question 36

nucleic acids

Answer 36

DNA & RNA; hold genetic information

Question 37

nucleotides

Answer 37

building blocks of neucleic acids

Question 38

dehydration synthesis

Answer 38

process of combining molecules by removing water

Question 39

hydrolysis

Answer 39

process of breaking down molecules using water

Question 40

chon elements

Answer 40

common elements in living things (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen ect.)

Question 41

carbohydrates

Answer 41

energy and structural molecules

Question 42

Differentiating between stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid

Answer 42

0 double bonds: saturated fatty acids Stearic acid is a typical long chain saturated fatty acid. 1 double bond: Oleic acid is a typical monounsaturated fatty acid. 2 or more double bonds: Linoleic acid is a typical polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Question 43

classifying chemincal compounds

Answer 43

Chemical compounds can generally be classified into two broad groups: molecular compounds and ionic compounds. Molecular compounds contain only non metals. Ionic compounds are composed of ions joined by ionic bonding. (metal + non metal elements)

Question 44

dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Answer 44

dehydration synthesis- removing water to build bigger molecules (Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose, 2 monosaccharides to build a disaccharide) Hyrdolysis- adding water to create a smaller molecule (Sucrose + H2O = Glucose and fructose)

Question 45

identifying atomic number/mass/chharge

Answer 45

protons=atomic mass=number above the element (z) atomic mass=bottom number ions with more protons will have a positive charge and ions with more electrons will have a negative charge

Question 46

celulose digestion

Answer 46

Insoluble fiber unable to be digested animals cant digest cellulose/cant break up bonds between glucose monomers (very abundant) due to lack of enzymes though they eat a lot of cellulose leaf cutter ants, cows, rabbits and termites have bacteria in their digestive track that help break down cellulose