Biochemistry

Question 1

Glycosides

Answer 1

molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond

Question 2

type of enzyme that possess allosteric sites for the binding of regulatory molecules. These sites are located in the different protein subunits of the enzyme. A regulatory molecule can be an inhibitor or an activator. When an inhibitor binds to the enzyme, the enzyme activity decreases. When an activator binds to the enzyme, enzymatic function increases.

Answer 2

Allosteric enzyme

Question 3

Cn(H2O)n

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Large molecules made up of repeating smaller units (monomer)

Answer 4

Polymers

Question 5

Simple carbohydrates, 1 carbohydrate unit

Answer 5

Monosaccharides

Question 6

Complex carbohydrates, 2 carbohydrate units

Answer 6

Disaccharide

Question 7

Monosaccharide containing aldehydes, carbonyl group (C=O) in C1

Answer 7

Aldose

Question 8

Monosaccharide containing ketones, C=O at any other group

Answer 8

Ketose

Question 9

Simplest carbohydrate

Answer 9

Glyceraldehyde (C3, aldotriose, 2,3-dihydroxypropanal)

Question 10

Process by which pure anomers return to an equilibrium mixture of the anomer when dissolved in water

Answer 10

Mutarotation

Question 11

Cyclic monosaccharides differing from each other in the configuration of C-1 or C-2 carbon

Answer 11

Anomers

Question 12

Carbohydrates that are missing a hydroxy group

Answer 12

Deoxy sugar

Question 13

Carbohydrates in which a hydroxyl group is replaced with an -NH2 -NHAc group

Answer 13

Amino sugars

Question 14

A glycoside in which ROH is another carbohydrate unit

Answer 14

Disaccharides

Question 15

starch, glycogen, galactogen

Answer 15

Storage polysaccharide

Question 16

Cellulose, chitin

Answer 16

Structural polysaccharides

Question 17

Components of starch

Answer 17

Amylose, amylopectin

Question 18

Hydroxyl group of the highest numbered chiral carbon is pointing to the RIGHT

Answer 18

D (Dextro)

Question 19

Hydroxyl group of the highest numbered chiral carbon is pointing to the LEFT

Answer 19

L (Levo)

Question 20

<50 amino acids

Answer 20

Peptide

Question 21

> 50 amino acids

Answer 21

Protein (polypeptide)

Question 22

achiral amino acid

Answer 22

Glycine

Question 23

Secondary amine

Answer 23

Proline

Question 24

Natural configuration of alpha-carbon

Answer 24

L

Question 25

A dipolar ion having both a formal positive and formal negative charge (overall charge neutral)

Answer 25

Zwitterion

Question 26

Amino acids are _________: they can react as either an acid or a base

Answer 26

Amphoteric (ammonium ion acts as an acid, carboxylate as a base)

Question 27

pH at which the amino acid exists largely in a neutral, zwitterionic form

Answer 27

Isoelectric point (pI)

Question 28

Separation of polar compounds based on their mobility through a solid support. (Separation based on pI or molecular mass)

Answer 28

Electrophoresis

Question 29

Polypeptide strands that "bundle" to form elongated fibrous assemblies; insoluble.

Answer 29

Fibrous

Question 30

Proteins that fold into a spherical conformation

Answer 30

Globular

Question 31

Hydrophobic, non-polar, soluble in organic solvent

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

Fatty acids and waxes, essential oils, many vitamins, hormones (non-peptide), components of cell membranes (non-peptide)

Answer 32

Lipids

Question 33

Biosynthesis of lipids (derives their carbon source from glucose; glycolysis)

Answer 33

Glucose > pyruvate > lactate

Question 34

Refers to long, straight-chain saturated and unsaturated acids, typically from (C12 - C20)

Answer 34

Fatty acids

Question 35

A lipid that circulates in your blood

Answer 35

Triglycerides

Question 36

Tri-esters of glycerol

Answer 36

Triglycerides

Question 37

Sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid produced from the saponification (base hydrolysis) of animal fats (glycerides)

Answer 37

Soaps

Question 38

Esters of long chain fatty acids (C16-C36) with long chain alcohols (C24-C36)

Answer 38

Waxes

Question 39

Male sex hormone

Answer 39

Androgen (testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, dianabol)

Question 40

Female sex hormone

Answer 40

Estrogen (estrone, estradiol, progesterone, ethynylestradiol)

Question 41

2 major classes of nucleic acids

Answer 41

DNA & RNA

Question 42

Carrier of genetic information

Answer 42

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 43

An intermediate expression of genetic information and other diverse roles

Answer 43

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 44

Carbohydrate + base ribonucleosides

Answer 44

Nucleosides

Question 45

Phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides (nucleoside + phosphate)

Answer 45

Nucleotides