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AREA 2 > BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of the composition of living matter & the changes which occur in it.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

the science concerned with the chemical basis of life.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells & with the reactions & process they undergo

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

Study of biomolecules/ micromolecules

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

Name the Biomolecules

A

Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

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6
Q

Give the building blocks of each biomolecules

A

Nucleic Acids - DNA, RNA
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - Fatty Acids
Proteins - Amino Acids

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7
Q

Genetic material template for protein synthesis

A

Nucleic Acids

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8
Q

Usually they are the molecules of the cell that carry out work (ex:enzymes)

A

Proteins

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9
Q

Short term of energy as (glycogenstorage from of glucose)

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Numerous functions (ex: membrane components of the long term storage of energy as fat)

A

Lipids

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11
Q

 basic unit of Life
 is the structural & functional unit of biology

A

Cells

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12
Q

 bilayers, composed mainly of proteins & lipids
for barrier & protection

A

Cell Membrane

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13
Q

Protein embedded outside cell membrane
receptors

A

Peripheral

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14
Q

 Protein embedded within cell membrane
 ion-channel

A

Integral

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15
Q

are structure with the specific shapes & specialized functions & are characteristic of eukaryotic cell

A

Organelles

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16
Q

 contains genetic material that manufacture nucleic acid
 control center of the cell -(genetic material found in nucleus)

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Nucleus composed of three regions:

A

nucleolus (nucleoli)  where RNA & proteins synthesized/site of ribosome assembly
Nuclear membrane or envelope
Chromatin (Chromosomes)

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17
Q

Nucleus composed of three regions:

A

nucleolus (nucleoli)  where RNA & proteins synthesized/site of ribosome assembly
Nuclear membrane or envelope
Chromatin (Chromosomes)

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18
Q

manufacturer & shipper

A

ER

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19
Q

major function of ER

A

Glycosylation

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20
Q

a membranous network in eukaryotic
cells connecting the plasma membrane
w/ the nuclear membrane

A

ER

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21
Q

a membranous network in eukaryotic
cells connecting the plasma membrane
w/ the nuclear membrane

A

ER

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22
Q

site of acylglycerol synthesis

A

ER

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23
Q

 w/ ribosomes on its surface
 for protein synthesis w/c mostly glycosylated

A

Rough ER

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24
Q

 w/out ribosomes on its surface
 for lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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25
Q

factory sites of Protein synthesis

26
Q

Prokayotes - __ (Sub-units: __s & __s)
Eukaryotes - __ (Sub-units: __s & __s)

A

Prokayotes - 70S (Sub-units: 50s & 30s)
Eukaryotes - 80S (Sub-units: 60s & 40s)

27
Q

storage site/ packaging counter of the cells

A

Golgi Apparatus

28
Q

attachment of CHON in CHON products

A

Golgi Apparatus

28
Q

 storage of CHON - undergo modification - glycosylation

A

Golgi Apparatus

28
Q

”suicide sacs” (kill or destroy foreign organisms)

29
Q

containing digestive/ hydrolytic enzymes

30
Q

Lysosomes are present only in _ cells

A

animal cells

31
Q

2 types of lysosomes

A

Peroxisomes and Macrophages

32
Q

A lysosome which oxidizes amino acids, fatty acids & alcohols and use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful substances

A

Peroxisomes

33
Q

A lysosomes which eat foreign maté

A

Macrophage

34
Q

storage tank of the cell

35
Q

an intracellular inclusion

36
Q

VACUOLE
in eukaryotic  surrounded by _
in prokaryotic  surrounded by _

A

VACUOLE
in eukaryotic - surrounded by a plasma membrane
in prokaryotic - surrounded by proteinaceous membrane

37
Q

location of the ETC (Electron Transport Kreb’s Cycle)

A

Mitochondria

38
Q

organ fro respiration, redox reaction, glycolysis, etc

A

Mitochondria

39
Q

ATP synthesis occurs in the _ Mitochondria.

40
Q

performs photosynthesis in photoautotrophic eukaryotes

A

Chloroplast

41
Q

helpers in cell division

42
Q

involved in formation of the mitotic spindle

42
Q

CYTOPLASM
▪in prokaryotic cell: everything _
▪in eukaryotic cell: everything i_

A

CYTOPLASM
▪in prokaryotic cell: everything inside the plasma membrane
▪in eukaryotic cell: everything inside the plasma membrane, & external to the nucleus

43
Q

is the selectively permeable membrane enclosing
the cytoplasm of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

44
Q

where glycolysis & PPP found

45
Q

fluid/ liquid portion of sytoplasm

46
Q

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, & micortubules that provide support & movement for eukaryotic cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

47
Q

the movement of cytoplasm in a
eukaryotic cell

A

Cytoplasmic Streaming

48
Q

are small, extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes

49
Q

carry _ genes
are _ DNA molecules
 are found in many types of bacteria
 _ independently of the main chromosomes
 *Each cell may contain several copies of plasmids

A

Plasmid
carry optional genes
are circular DNA molecules
 are found in many rypes of bacteria
 replicate independently of the main chromosomes
 *Each cell may contain several copies of plasmids

50
Q

are small basic proteins that participate in forming the nucleosomal structure of the chromatin

51
Q

where fatty elongation occurs

A

Microsomes

52
Q

 helps in the removal of danaged cell
 contains a bactericidal agent such as lysozyme that kills bacteria before it damages the cell

53
Q

Mitosis
Cell _

Meiosis
Cell _

A

Mitosis
Cell Multiplication

Meiosis
Cell Division

54
Q

Mitosis
_ Cells
Products:

Meiosis
_ Cells
Products:

A

Mitosis
Somatic Cells
Products:Diploid Daughter Cells
contain complete set of
chromosome

Meiosis
Sex Cells/ organelles
Products: Haploid Daughter Cells
 half of the total # of
chromosome

55
Q

abnormalities in # of chromosomes

A

Aneuploidy

56
Q

47 chromosomes

A

Trisomy 21/ Down’s Syndrome/ Mongoloidss

57
Q

Excess: XXX

A

 superfemale
 mentally retarded
 short life span

58
Q

Excess: XXY

A

 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)
 biologically male but exert female –treats
Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast
Hypogonadism
- small testicles
- Short-life span- Mentally retarded

59
Q

 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)
 biologically male but exert female –treats
Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast
Hypogonadism small testicles
Short-life span
Mentally retarded

60
Q

 Klinefelter’s syndrome (male)
 biologically male but exert female –treats
Ex: Gynecomastia –enlargement of the breast
Hypogonadism small testicles
Short-life span
Mentally retarded

AREA 2 (17 decks)

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