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Nutrition 1 > Biochemistry 1 > Flashcards

Biochemistry 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Everything around us that has mass and occupies space.

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that is made up of one type of atom so cannot be split into simpler substances

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3
Q

name the four organic molecules found in living organisms?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, nucleic acid, proteins

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4
Q

What is an isotope?

A

atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons

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5
Q

What atom has 1 proton and 1 electron?

A

Hydrogen.

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6
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Molecules or compounds with an unpaired electron. Steals electrons from molecules to stabilise - oxidation

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7
Q

What is a molecule and what is a compound?

A

Molecule: Group of atoms bonded together
Compound: substance containing two or more elements

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8
Q

What does the automic number at the top of an element correlate to? And what does the atomic mass at the bottom correlate to?

A

Number at the top is the number of protons (remember protons and electrons always the same)

Atomic Mass is the total number of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

How to work out neutrons in an element?

A

mass number - atomic number = neutrons

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10
Q

Energy stored in bonds between two different atoms is known as what sort of energy?

A

Covalent Bonds

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11
Q

What type of bond donates electrons to another?

A

Ionic Bonding

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12
Q

What is a free radical?

A

Molecule or compound with an unpaired electron. Steals electrons from molecules to stabolize.

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13
Q

What are anti-oxidants and how do anti-oxidants work?

A

They are a group of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and enzymes. They work by donating an electron to the free radical to convert them to harmless molecules

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14
Q

What are polar bonds?

A

elements with an uneven distribution of eletrons. eg alcohol

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15
Q

Why are electrolytes important for the body?

A
  • conduct electricity essential for nerve and muscle function
  • exert osmotic pressure important for water balance
  • play a role in acid-base balance acting as buffers
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16
Q

How do buffers work?

A

They maintain the H+ concentration in the body within normal limits. Some buffers bind to H+ ions, others to OH- preventing damaging changes to PH

17
Q

How does a catalyst work?

A

Speeds up reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

18
Q

How do inhibitors such as statins work?

A

Stop catalysts from being effective by making activation energy higher. This slows reaction time down. Or higher temperature needed to make a reaction

19
Q

Explain Le Chaterliers Principle

A

If products of reactions are used up the reaction will make more product to get back to equilibrium.

20
Q

What is a functional group?

A

specific configuration of atoms that have properties of bonding and contribute to structure and function of molecule

21
Q

which function group dissolves easily in water?

A

Hydroxyl Group

22
Q

Which functional group is common in protein chains

A

Sulfhydryl

23
Q

Which functional group is found in amino acids?

A

Carboxyl Group

24
Q

Functional group in lipids and triglycerides

A

Esters

25
Q

Why are phosphate groups hydrophilic

A

becasue they can form a negative charge

26
Q

Describe an Amine group

A

They always have an -NH2 group which can act as a weak base if necessary

27
Q

What are the monosaccharide

A 
glucose
fructose
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
28
Q

what are the disaccharide

2 mono sac joined together by dehydration reaction

A 
sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Matlose = glucose + glucose
29
Q

what are polysaccharide

10-100’s of mono sac joined together by dehydration reaction

A

glycogen - glucose chain
starch - glucose chain
cellulose - glucose chain

Nutrition 1 (1 decks)

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