Biochemistry 1 Flashcards
protons:
positive charge, mass of +1
electrons:
negative charge, negligible mass
neutrons:
no charge, mass of 1
Covalent bond:
formed when unpaired electrons are shared, strongest type of bond
Ionic bond:
attraction of opposite charges
Hydrogen bond:
sharing of H atoms
Hydrophobic interaction:
interaction of non-polar substances in the presence of polar substances (especially water)
van der Waals interaction:
interaction of electrons of non-polar substances
electronegativity:
the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons within a bond
Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation:
addition or removal of a phosphoryl group
acylation:
addition of an acyl group
-Relatively stable, useful for joining molecules
carboxylation:
addition of a carboxyl group
-Usually occurs at the end of a molecule (reactive centre)
esterification:
occurs between acid and alcohol group, producing an ester bond
-water is released
Condensation reaction:
water is removed, molecules polymerize
hydrolysis:
water is added, molecules depolymerize
Oxidation-reduction reactions (redox):
electrons transferred from one molecule to another
Oxidation=
loss of electrons
reduction=
gain of electrons
As one molecule is oxidized,
another is reduced - form a redox pair
Oxidation states of carbon
- Vary depending on structure of molecule and electronegativity differences
- Charge imbalances help form reactive groups on biological molecules
