Biochemical profiles

Question 1

what is the normal value for FBG

Answer 1

70-99

Question 2

what is the pre diabetic range for FBG

Answer 2

100-125

Question 3

what is the diabetic range for FBG

Answer 3

greater than 125

Question 4

what is the normal value for A1c

Answer 4

less than 5.7

Question 5

what is the prediabetic range for A1c

Answer 5

5.7-6.4

Question 6

what is the diabetic goal for A1c

Answer 6

less than 6.5

Question 7

during the Glucose tolerance test what is the value after 30 min

Answer 7

less than200

Question 8

during the Glucose tolerance test what is the value after 1 hour

Answer 8

less than 200

Question 9

during the Glucose tolerance test what is the value after 2 hours

Answer 9

less than 140

Question 10

during the Glucose tolerance test what is the value after 3 hours

Answer 10

70-99

Question 11

what is the best indicator of renal disease

Answer 11

Creatine

Question 12

what does Creatine test for

Answer 12

renal disease

Question 13

what does elevated BUN indicate

Answer 13

Renal disease or high protein diet

Question 14

what does decreased BUN levels indicate

Answer 14

severe liver disease or overhydration

Question 15

what is Azotemia

Answer 15

increased BUN

Question 16

what is the most important factor for osmotic pressure

Answer 16

Proteins keep the fluids within the vascular space

Question 17

what patholgies have an increase in protein

Answer 17

MM, dehydration, chronic infection, malignacies

Question 18

what pathologies have a decrease in protein

Answer 18

liver disease, kidney dysfunction, and malabsorption

Question 19

what is the normal A/G ratio

Answer 19

> 1.0

Question 20

what does a reversed A/G ratio classically indicate

Answer 20

MM

Question 21

what does increased unconjugated bilirubin indicate

Answer 21

increased RBC hemolysis –> hepatocellular dysfunction

Question 22

what does increased conjuagated bilirubin indicate

Answer 22

extrahepatic obstruction –> gallstones, tumor blocking bile ducts

Question 23

what causes increased unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 23

increased production or decreased conjugation

Question 24

what causes increased conjugated bilirubin

Answer 24

decreased secretion by the liver or blockage of the bile ducts

Question 25

what test need to be ordered for lytic mets (in order)

Answer 25

bone scan --> MRI--> biopsy

Question 26

what tests need to be ordered for MM (in order)

Answer 26

PEP --> skeletal survery --> MRI --> biopsy

Question 27

increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicates what

Answer 27

liver and bone disorders

Question 28

decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicates what

Answer 28

hypothyroidism and pernicious anemia

Question 29

when is an increased acid phosphatase seen

Answer 29

prostatic cancer,MM, and benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 30

what does GGTP detect

Answer 30

liver cell dysfunction (liver disease)

Question 31

if ALP is increased but GGTP is normal what does that indicate

Answer 31

skeletal disease

Question 32

what is the most sensitive test for alcohol induced liver disease

Answer 32

GGTP

Question 33

what is AST (aspartate aminotransferase) indicate

Answer 33

heart disease or hepatocellular disease

Question 34

what does ALT (alanine aminotransferase) indicate

Answer 34

injury or disease of the liver

Question 35

if ALP is elevated Phosphorus is decreased and calcium is increased what is the diagnosis

Answer 35

primary HPT

Question 36

if ALP is elevated Phosphorus is increased and calcium is decreased what is the diagnosis

Answer 36

secondary HPT

Question 37

if ALP is elevated Phosphorus is increased and calcium is increased what is the diagnosis

Answer 37

Tertiary HPT