biochemical engineering Flashcards
What is a cell?
the fundamental structure/element of each living organism. It is cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane
what is biomass?
product of cell reproduction, it is the total weight of living matter in a population
What do plant and bacteria cells have but animal cells don’t?
cell wall
What factors can affect biological diversity in an area?
Temp, PH, water activity, nutrients, oxygen concentration
different cells require different conditions
what is the genus name and species name?
Genus = family name (capitalised) species = name after family name
Describe a virus.
- Obligate parasites (can’t develop without a host cell)
- Can code their info in DNA or RNA
They transmit themselves using virions
What are virions?
Particle consisting of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat
What are the three types of prokaryotes? Describe them.
Mycoplasmas: - Don't have a cell wall Gram Positive: - synthesis a monolayered cell wall - made of peptidoglycoan and polysaccharides Gram negative: - synthesis 2 layer cell wall dense inner layer = cytoplasmic membran underlined by peptidoglycan separated from a fine outer membrane by a periplasmic space
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Doesn’t have most organelles or nucleus
Describe the lytic production of viruses.
1) virus goes to cell
2) injects RNA into cell
3) RNA breaks up cell code
4) RNA replicates original virus in cell until it bursts
Describe the lysogenic production of viruses.
1) virus goes to cell
2) virus injects RNA into cell
3) RNA joins cell code
4) Cell replicates over and over
5) Replicates original virus in each replicated cell
6) until cell bursts
What are eukaryotes?
- Larger than prokaryotes
- Have a cytoplasmic membrane which makes the cell flexible
- Have a cell wall
Give 3 examples of prokaryotic cells.
chromosome = carries genetic info (DNA) Ribosomes = protein synthesis Flagella = helps cells move plasmids = small circular molecules of DNA that carry genes for replication
Give 3 examples of Eukaryotes.
Nucleus = contains chromosomes (cell brain)
Mitochondria = respiration occurs here (have their own DNA and reproduce independently of the cell)
Golgi apparatus = Responsible for transporting and packing material made in the endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum = membrane which traverses interior of most of the cell and is in contact with nucleus and ribosomes
What is the general formula for carbohydrate?
(CH2O)n
