Biochemical Cycling Practice Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the significance of C HOPKINS CaFe?

A

It is a mnemonic reminder of the core set of elements that all living organisms require

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2
Q

What is biogeochemical cycling?

A

Transitioning elements between their organic and inorganic forms

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3
Q

From where does a chemoheterotroph obtain its energy?

A

From organic molecules

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4
Q

From where does a chemoautotroph obtain its energy?

A

From reduced inorganic compounds and minerals (Fe2+, H2S, etc.)

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5
Q

What event in Earth’s history allowed for complex organisms (plants and animals) to develop?

A

Accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere

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6
Q

What is the main purpose of the Calvin Cycle?

A

Generating glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate

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7
Q

Considering that the Calvin Cycle is a cycle, what are the products of the Calvin Cycle? Select all that apply.

A

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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8
Q

Which organisms fix carbon using the Calvin Cycle?

A

Photoautotrophs

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9
Q

Which organisms fix carbon using the reductive TCA cycle?

A

Chemoautotrophs

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10
Q

From where does a photoheterotroph obtain its organic carbon?

A

From organic molecules

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11
Q

Where do the organisms that carry out the Reductive TCA cycle obtain their energy?

A

From reduced inorganic compounds?

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12
Q

Where do the organisms that carry out the Calvin Cycle obtain their energy?

A

From sunlight

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13
Q

What molecule provides the reducing power for the Calvin Cycle?

A

NADPH

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14
Q

Which step uses the enzyme, Glutamine synthetase in Nitrogen Cycle?

A

Assimilation

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15
Q

Which step uses the enzyme, Nitrogenase in Nitrogen cycle?

A

Nitrogen fixation

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16
Q

Which step removes nitrogen from the soil and makes it unavailable to plants?

A

Dinitrofixation

17
Q

Which step uses the enzyme dinitrogenase?

A

Nitrogen fixation

18
Q

What is the end product of nitrogen fixation?

A

Ammonia

19
Q

What is the end product of nitrification?

A

Nitrate

20
Q

What general type of reaction is carried out here?

2 NO3- —> N2

A

Reduction?

21
Q

What general type of reaction is carried out here?

NH4+ –> NO3-

A

Oxidation

22
Q

To what does “diazotrophic” refer?

A

Nitrogen-fixing organisms

23
Q

What type of organisms might be diazotrophic?

A

Some bacteria and some archaea

24
Q

What specific process is occurring when Ammonia (NH4+) is made into Nitrite or NItrate?

A

Nitrification

25
Q

What specific process is occurring when N2 is made into NH4+?

A

Fixation

26
Q

What specific process is occurring when Ammonia is made into organic molecules?

A

Assimilation

27
Q

What are SUBSTRATES of the reaction mediated by Glutamate synthase?

A

Glutamine
α-ketoglutarate

28
Q

Which pathway would most likely be used when cellular energy levels are low?

A

Pathway B

29
Q

Which pathway would most likely be used when ammonium concentrations are low?

A

Pathway A

30
Q

What is the product of step E in the Sulfur metabolism

A

Organic sulfur compounds

31
Q

What molecule provides the reducing power for the reduction of sulfate?

A

NADPH