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Boards First Aid > BiochemI > Flashcards

BiochemI Flashcards

1
Q

carbamoyl phosphate

A

de novo pyrimidine synthese

urea cycle

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2
Q

Drugs that interfere with nucleotide synthesis

A 
Leflunomide
Mycophenolate
hydroxyurea
6-Mercaptopurine and ribavirin
5-GU
MTX. TMP and pyrimethamine (inhibit DHF)
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3
Q

carbamoyl phosphate needs what to make orotic acid

A

aspartate

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4
Q

drug for orotic aciduria

A

leflunomide because blocks the dehydrogenase that makes orotic acid

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5
Q

which drugs inhibit formation of thymine NT

A

MTX, TMP, pyrimethamine
5-FU
hydroxyurea

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6
Q

which drugs inhibit purine synthesis

A

6-MP (azathioprine)

mycophenolate and ribavirin :IMP dehydrogenase

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7
Q

Adenosine deaminsae deficiency

A

excess ATP prevents DNA synthesis because of negative feedback to ribonucleotide reductase
decrease lymphocytes from dec dNA synthesis = SCID

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8
Q

Lesch Nyhan

A 
defective pruine salvage
absent HGPRT
excess uric acid and purine synthesis de novo
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Pissed off (self mutilation)
Retardation
Tonia.. Dystonia
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9
Q

Tx lesch nyhan

A

allopurinol

feubxostat

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10
Q

topoisomerases

A

create single or ds breaks in dNA to prevent supercoils

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11
Q

what inhibits topoisomerase in prokaryotes

A 
fluouroquinolones
topo II (DNAgyrase) and topo IV
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12
Q

primase

A

makes RNA primer where DNA pol III can initiate replication

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13
Q

DNA pol III

A

prokaryotes only adds 5 to 3’
adds to 3’ end on leading strand
adds lagging till gets to primer

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14
Q

exonuclease of DNA pol III

A

proofreads in 3- to 5’ direction

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15
Q

DNA pol I

A

prokaryotic only

degrade RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

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16
Q

Telomerase

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase that adds DNA to 3 ‘ end to avoid loss of genetic material

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17
Q

type of mutation in sickle cell

A

missense

valine for glutamic acid

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18
Q

what type of mutation is duchenne mm dystrophy

A

frame shift

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19
Q

lac operon in E coli

A

low glucose inc adenylyl cyclase, inc cAMP which activates CAP so increase transcriptions

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20
Q

defect in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

nucleotide excision repair. get pyrimidine dimers from UV light. G1 phase

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21
Q

base excision repair enzymes

A

glycosylase then DNA polymermase beta gills gap

all throughout cell cycle

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22
Q

when does mismatch repair occur and what syndrome is it defective in

A

occurs in the G2 phase

defective in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal CA

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23
Q

what is nonhomologous end joining, what syndromes is it defective in

A

dsDNa repair that joins 2 ends together

defective in ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconia anemia

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24
Q

direction DNA RNA synthesized

A

5’ to 3’

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25
Q

mRNA reads what direction

A

5’ to 3’

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26
Q

drugs that block DNA replication have what end modified

A

the 3’ end because prevent chain addition

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27
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

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28
Q

stop codons

A

UGA
UAA
UAG

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29
Q

promoter

A

where everything binds upstream to TAT boxes

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30
Q

enhancer

A

all over the gene

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31
Q

RNA pol I

A

rRNA

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32
Q

RNA pol II

A

mRNA

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33
Q

RNA pol III

A

tRNA

34
Q

what does alpha amanitin (mushroom) do

A

inhibits RNA pol II mRNA cause severe hepatotoxicity

35
Q

how many RNA pol in prokaryotes

A

1

36
Q

what drug inhibits RNA pol in prokaryotes

A

rifampin

37
Q

mRNAs stored where for future use

A

P bodies

38
Q

Ab to snRNPs

A

SLE

39
Q

anti-U1 RNP Ab

A

mixed CT disease

40
Q

what are the intervening non coding regions of mRNA

A

introns

41
Q

abnormal splicing of extrons and introns occurs in

A

thalassemias

42
Q

3’ end tRNA

A

CCA

43
Q

which ribosome has the APE sites for protein synthesis

A

60S

44
Q

what inhibits G1 to S progression

A

p53 and hypophosphorylated Rb

45
Q

What cells remain in Go

A

neurons, skel mm, cardiac mm and RBCs

46
Q

what cells remain in Go until stimulated

A

hepatocytes and lymphocytes

47
Q

what cells are “labile” and most affected by chemo

A

bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells

48
Q

Nissl bodies

A

RER in neurons

49
Q

SER vs RER

A

Smooth- steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
Rough- synthesis of secretory proteins

50
Q

which filament is responsile for mm contraction and cytokines

A

microfilaments

actin

51
Q

what filaments are responsible for cell structure

A

intm filaments: vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, lamins, glial fibrillary acid proteins and neurofilaments

52
Q

what filaments are responsble for movement and cell division

A

Microtubules: cilia, flagella, mitotic spindle, axonal trafficking, centrioles

53
Q

cytokeratine stain

A

epithelial cells

54
Q

GFAP stain

A

neuroglia

55
Q

desmin stain

A

muscles

56
Q

What drugs act on microtubules

A 
Mebendazole
Griseofulvin
Colchicine
Vincristine/Vinblastine
Paclitaxel
57
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia
dynein arm defect
bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus, dec fertility
inc risk ectopics

58
Q

NaK movement for each ATP

A

3 Na out

2 K in

59
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

digoxin and digitoxin

inhibit Na K ATPase that infirectly inhibit Na/Ca so inc Ca causing an increase in Ca contractility

60
Q

Type I collagen

A

bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea

61
Q

disease with collagen I affected

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

62
Q

Type II collagen

A

cartilage (hyaline), vitreous body, nucleus pulposus

63
Q

type III collagen

A

reticulin: skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue

64
Q

collagen deficit in Ehlers Danlos

A

type III collagen

65
Q

type IV collagen

A

BM, basal lamina and lens

66
Q

defective collagen IV

A

Alport syndrome

also Goodpasture autoAb target collagen IV

67
Q

collagen components

A

mostly glycine

X and Y proline and lysine

68
Q

hydroxylation of collagen requires what

A

Vit C

scurvy

69
Q

problems forming the triple helix of alpha collagen components

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

70
Q

problems with cross linking collagen

A

ehlers danlos and menkes

71
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta manifestations

A

blue sclera
multiple fractures
hearing loss (abnormal ossicles)
dental imperfections due to lack of dentin

72
Q

classical type of ehlers danlos

A

mutations in type V collagen

73
Q

vascular type ehlers danlos

A

type III collagen

74
Q

Menkes

A

x linked recessive CT from impaired copper absorption and transport
ATP7A

75
Q

kinky hair, growth retardation and hypotonia

A

menkes disease

76
Q

what inhibits elastase

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin

77
Q

marfan syndrome

A

defect in fibrillin (sheath around elastin)

78
Q

PCR

A

desired DNA fragment

79
Q

Southern blot vs northern vs western

A

southern– DNA
northern– RNA
western– protein

80
Q

ELISA

A

to detect Ab or Ag

81
Q

type of inheritance is hypophosphate rickets

A

x linked dominant

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