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BiochemI Flashcards

1
Q

carbamoyl phosphate

A

de novo pyrimidine synthese

urea cycle

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2
Q

Drugs that interfere with nucleotide synthesis

A 
Leflunomide
Mycophenolate
hydroxyurea
6-Mercaptopurine and ribavirin
5-GU
MTX. TMP and pyrimethamine (inhibit DHF)
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3
Q

carbamoyl phosphate needs what to make orotic acid

A

aspartate

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4
Q

drug for orotic aciduria

A

leflunomide because blocks the dehydrogenase that makes orotic acid

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5
Q

which drugs inhibit formation of thymine NT

A

MTX, TMP, pyrimethamine
5-FU
hydroxyurea

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6
Q

which drugs inhibit purine synthesis

A

6-MP (azathioprine)

mycophenolate and ribavirin :IMP dehydrogenase

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7
Q

Adenosine deaminsae deficiency

A

excess ATP prevents DNA synthesis because of negative feedback to ribonucleotide reductase
decrease lymphocytes from dec dNA synthesis = SCID

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8
Q

Lesch Nyhan

A 
defective pruine salvage
absent HGPRT
excess uric acid and purine synthesis de novo
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Pissed off (self mutilation)
Retardation
Tonia.. Dystonia
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9
Q

Tx lesch nyhan

A

allopurinol

feubxostat

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10
Q

topoisomerases

A

create single or ds breaks in dNA to prevent supercoils

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11
Q

what inhibits topoisomerase in prokaryotes

A 
fluouroquinolones
topo II (DNAgyrase) and topo IV
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12
Q

primase

A

makes RNA primer where DNA pol III can initiate replication

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13
Q

DNA pol III

A

prokaryotes only adds 5 to 3’
adds to 3’ end on leading strand
adds lagging till gets to primer

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14
Q

exonuclease of DNA pol III

A

proofreads in 3- to 5’ direction

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15
Q

DNA pol I

A

prokaryotic only

degrade RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

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16
Q

Telomerase

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase that adds DNA to 3 ‘ end to avoid loss of genetic material

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17
Q

type of mutation in sickle cell

A

missense

valine for glutamic acid

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18
Q

what type of mutation is duchenne mm dystrophy

A

frame shift

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19
Q

lac operon in E coli

A

low glucose inc adenylyl cyclase, inc cAMP which activates CAP so increase transcriptions

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20
Q

defect in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

nucleotide excision repair. get pyrimidine dimers from UV light. G1 phase

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21
Q

base excision repair enzymes

A

glycosylase then DNA polymermase beta gills gap

all throughout cell cycle

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22
Q

when does mismatch repair occur and what syndrome is it defective in

A

occurs in the G2 phase

defective in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal CA

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23
Q

what is nonhomologous end joining, what syndromes is it defective in

A

dsDNa repair that joins 2 ends together

defective in ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconia anemia

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24
Q

direction DNA RNA synthesized

A

5’ to 3’

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25
mRNA reads what direction
5' to 3'
26
drugs that block DNA replication have what end modified
the 3' end because prevent chain addition
27
Start codon
AUG
28
stop codons
UGA UAA UAG
29
promoter
where everything binds upstream to TAT boxes
30
enhancer
all over the gene
31
RNA pol I
rRNA
32
RNA pol II
mRNA
33
RNA pol III
tRNA
34
what does alpha amanitin (mushroom) do
inhibits RNA pol II mRNA cause severe hepatotoxicity
35
how many RNA pol in prokaryotes
1
36
what drug inhibits RNA pol in prokaryotes
rifampin
37
mRNAs stored where for future use
P bodies
38
Ab to snRNPs
SLE
39
anti-U1 RNP Ab
mixed CT disease
40
what are the intervening non coding regions of mRNA
introns
41
abnormal splicing of extrons and introns occurs in
thalassemias
42
3' end tRNA
CCA
43
which ribosome has the APE sites for protein synthesis
60S
44
what inhibits G1 to S progression
p53 and hypophosphorylated Rb
45
What cells remain in Go
neurons, skel mm, cardiac mm and RBCs
46
what cells remain in Go until stimulated
hepatocytes and lymphocytes
47
what cells are "labile" and most affected by chemo
bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair follicles, germ cells
48
Nissl bodies
RER in neurons
49
SER vs RER
Smooth- steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons Rough- synthesis of secretory proteins
50
which filament is responsile for mm contraction and cytokines
microfilaments | actin
51
what filaments are responsible for cell structure
intm filaments: vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin, lamins, glial fibrillary acid proteins and neurofilaments
52
what filaments are responsble for movement and cell division
Microtubules: cilia, flagella, mitotic spindle, axonal trafficking, centrioles
53
cytokeratine stain
epithelial cells
54
GFAP stain
neuroglia
55
desmin stain
muscles
56
What drugs act on microtubules
``` Mebendazole Griseofulvin Colchicine Vincristine/Vinblastine Paclitaxel ```
57
Kartagener syndrome
primary ciliary dyskinesia dynein arm defect bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus, dec fertility inc risk ectopics
58
NaK movement for each ATP
3 Na out | 2 K in
59
cardiac glycosides
digoxin and digitoxin | inhibit Na K ATPase that infirectly inhibit Na/Ca so inc Ca causing an increase in Ca contractility
60
Type I collagen
bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea
61
disease with collagen I affected
osteogenesis imperfecta
62
Type II collagen
cartilage (hyaline), vitreous body, nucleus pulposus
63
type III collagen
reticulin: skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
64
collagen deficit in Ehlers Danlos
type III collagen
65
type IV collagen
BM, basal lamina and lens
66
defective collagen IV
Alport syndrome | also Goodpasture autoAb target collagen IV
67
collagen components
mostly glycine | X and Y proline and lysine
68
hydroxylation of collagen requires what
Vit C | scurvy
69
problems forming the triple helix of alpha collagen components
osteogenesis imperfecta
70
problems with cross linking collagen
ehlers danlos and menkes
71
Osteogenesis imperfecta manifestations
blue sclera multiple fractures hearing loss (abnormal ossicles) dental imperfections due to lack of dentin
72
classical type of ehlers danlos
mutations in type V collagen
73
vascular type ehlers danlos
type III collagen
74
Menkes
x linked recessive CT from impaired copper absorption and transport ATP7A
75
kinky hair, growth retardation and hypotonia
menkes disease
76
what inhibits elastase
alpha 1 antitrypsin
77
marfan syndrome
defect in fibrillin (sheath around elastin)
78
PCR
desired DNA fragment
79
Southern blot vs northern vs western
southern-- DNA northern-- RNA western-- protein
80
ELISA
to detect Ab or Ag
81
type of inheritance is hypophosphate rickets
x linked dominant

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