BioChem (text)

Question 1

Nucleons

Answer 1

Protons + Neutrons in nucleus

Question 2

Z (periodic table)

Answer 2

Protons

Question 3

N (periodic table)

Answer 3

Neutrons

Question 4

A (periodic table)

Answer 4

Nucleons = Mass Number

Question 5

u unit

Answer 5

atomic mass unit = 1/12 mass of an unbound neutral C12 atom

Question 6

A(r), std (periodic table)

Answer 6

Atomic mass (relative to 1 u) =std atomic wt = g/mol of that element in its naturally expected isotope mix ratio.

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

a completely polar bond (eg: Na+ cation and Cl- anion –> NaCl). in which one atom takes an electron from a less electronegative atom

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

tendency of an atom to attract a SHARED pair of electrons toward its nucleus.The amount of “pull” an atom exerts on its electrons is called its electronegativity.

Question 9

electrovalence vs covalence

Answer 9

unequal vs equal sharing of valence electrons. unequal sharing favors the more electronegative atom and generates an ionic bond.

Question 10

polarity

Answer 10

separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Question 11

polar vs nonpolar bonds

Answer 11

The terms “polar” and “nonpolar” are usually applied to covalent bonds, that is, bonds where the polarity is not complete. To determine the polarity of a covalent bond using numerical means, the difference between the electronegativity of the atoms is used.

Question 12

Bond polarity According to the Pauling scale:

Answer 12

Nonpolar bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is less than 0.5 Polar bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is roughly between 0.5 and 2.0 Ionic bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 2.0

Question 13

diazole

Answer 13

5 member aromatic heterocycle with 2 Nitrogrens.

Question 14

imidazole

Answer 14

1,3-diazole. when fused to pyrimadine (1,3 diazine), it forms purine.

Question 15

pyrimidine

Answer 15

1,3-diazine. when fused to imidazole (1.3-diazole) it forms purine.

Question 16

diazine

Answer 16

6 member aromatic heterocycle with 2 Nitrogens

Question 17

purine

Answer 17

pyrimidine (N @ 1,3) fused to imidazole (N @ 7,9)

Question 18

rule for numbering Carbons or vertices

Answer 18

start with a substituted carbon such that sum of substitutions is lowest value.