Biochem test 2 Flashcards
Proteins with nuclear export sequences (NES) are actively transported across the ore with a carrier protein using 2 GTPs. Transport in uses what? Transport out uses what?
Inportins and exportins
Where (Phase), and how much ATP is needed in Glycolysis?
The phosphorylation phase requires 2 ATP
What subunit contains the p site and the a site?
40s
How does the breakdown of amino acids help the body?
Regulation of nitrogen levels, through the excretion of excess in Urea
What type of RNA comes from the DNA, and what is the process that creates it?
mRNA and transcription
Drugs that use reverse transcriptase against itself.
Azidothymidine (AZT) or Zidovudine
What type of transport carrier protein is the sodium-potassium ATPase Pump?
Active transport carrier protein
The process that uses glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to obtain the precursors for the 20 amino acids is called?
Amino Acid Synthesis
The enzyme complex that catalyzes the final three steps of fatty acid degradation is called?
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein
This disorder causes low sugar, low ketone levels, and high ammonia when fasting or sick, because the body is trying to use fatty acids as an energy source, but can only break down those 12 carbons or less.
CPT 1 deficiency
What hormone increases when excess sugar needs storage?
Insulin
What molecule starts and ends the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetate
Four step process that continues fatty acid breakdown inside the mitochondria is called?
Beta-oxidation cycle
Where is cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) found?
Several locations. Especially the inner mitochondrial membrane.
A series of enzyme reactions in the liver cell mitochondria and cytoplasm to remove excess nitrogen and toxic by-product ammonia that maintains the body’s nitrogen balance is called?
The Urea Cycle
Elliptocytosis and spherocytosis are diseases that result from defects in what?
RBC membrane proteins. Specifically spectrin and ankyrin.
What enzyme starts the phosphorylation phase of glycolysis?
Hexokinase
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
Diseases that result from misfolding of proteins are know as?
Prions
What two phases make up the metabolic pathway glycolysis?
Phosphorylation and Energy production
What does the inter conversion of a-ketogluterate, glutamate, and glutamine do for the body?
Offers an important system to utilize, generate, and/or store ammonia
Disease symptoms include low sugar, progressive destruction of peripheral nerves, breakdown of muscle, and liver/heart damage. This disease stops the conversion of lipids/fats to energy. In infancy it usually leads to death.
Mitochondrial Trifunctional protein deficiency
When there is a high concentration of NADH or FADH (products) what happens to the citric acid cycle?
It is inhibited
Where does the pentose phosphate pathway take place?
In the cytoplasm