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Biomaterials Simplified > Biochem Simplified > Flashcards

Biochem Simplified Flashcards

1
Q

2 reasons we measure mechanical properties

A

to obtain fundamental properties and to see what properties will affect the material in its final conditions

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2
Q

fundamental properties

A

strength

elasticity

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3
Q

applied properties

A

impact
fatigue
abrasion

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4
Q

1st classification of mechanical properties

A

bulk: whole mass - strength, elasticity
surface: first few layers of atoms - hardness, wear

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5
Q

resistance to indent

A

hardness

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6
Q

resistance to abrasion

A

wear

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7
Q

Fundamental - steadily increase load (stress-strain)

Applied - single sudden force (impact), repeated low load (fatigue), time dependent (viscoelastic - plastic bag example)

A

2nd classification of mechanical properties - Bulk subclassifications (fundamental and applied)

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8
Q

force per unit area, arises from externally applied forces

A

stress

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9
Q

stress units

A

Pa, MPa

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10
Q

force/area= stress

A

calculation

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11
Q

arrows away

A

tension

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12
Q

arrows towards

A

compression

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13
Q

bar parallel to the ground, one arrow on top one on bottom

A

sheer

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14
Q

compression, tension and sheer

A

torsion

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15
Q

compression and tension

A

flexure/binding

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16
Q

tensions makes things ___ compared to compression

A

weak, crack

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17
Q

strain is to ____ as stress is to ____

A

strain is to deformation as stress is to load

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18
Q

strain calculation

A

change in L / L(i). or L(f)-L(i)/L(i)

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19
Q

elastic strain is

A

recoverable

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20
Q

plastic strain is

A

permanent

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21
Q

phases of plastic and elastic while recording an impression

A

plastic on insertion(perm) and elastic on displacement from tissue (recoverable)

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22
Q

O –> A on the stress/strain graph is linear and elastic because it hasn’t reached the breaking point so it is _______

A

recoverable

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23
Q

Law that states that up until A on the stress/strain graph, stress and strain are proportional to each other

A

Hookes Law

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24
Q

What is that linear portion of the stress/strain graph called and what region does it represent (up until A)

A

Called the Modulus of Elasticity and is defined as the elastic region of the material

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25
Q

Modulus of elasticity is a measure of ______ / _____-

A

rigidity/stiffness

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26
Q

High modulus: ____ rigid

A

more

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27
Q

Low modulus: ____ rigid

A

less

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28
Q

A,B,C on stress/strain graph

A

A: proportional limit
B: elastic limit
C: yield point

(PEY for your ABC’s lol)

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29
Q

Stresses below B on the stress/strain graph

A

elastic

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30
Q

Stresses above B on the stress/strain graph

A

plastic

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31
Q

Stress at B called

A

Elastic Limit

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32
Q

Yield point is the point where _____ strain becomes very pronounced

A

plastic

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33
Q

Reminder - all values of stress on the _ axis

A

Y

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34
Q

Ductility and Malleability are measures of ___ of ____

A

% of elongation

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35
Q

High % of elongation: ____ material

A

ductile

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36
Q

Low % of elongation: ____ material

A

brittle

37
Q

relating to TENSION: ductility is the measure of something’s ability to form a ____ shape

A

wire

38
Q

relating to COMPRESSION: malleability is the measure of the ability to be _____ into a ____

A

hammered into a sheet

39
Q

Elongation is a value of ____

A

strain (X axis)

40
Q

OBD triangle on stress/strain graph

A

Mod. of resilience

41
Q

Total area under stress/strain graph

A

Toughness - area units J/m3

42
Q

Total energy a material can absorb until fracture

A

toughness

43
Q

amount of energy a material can absorb without permanently deforming

A

resilience

44
Q

hardness indenter circle shape

A

brinell

45
Q

hardness indenter small diamond

A

vickers

46
Q

hardness indenter long diamond

A

knoop

47
Q

what is time dependent (plastic bag stress over time)

A

viscoelasticity

48
Q

deform under constant pressure/stress over time

A

creep

49
Q

monomers + monomers

A

polymeric molecules

50
Q

polymeric molecules + polymeric molecules

A

polymeric material

51
Q

ID condensation reactions: Si and O, NO C, eliminating H2O

A

Silicones

52
Q

ID condensation reactions: eliminate NaCl

A

Polysulfides

53
Q

ID condensation reactions: Chain of C, eliminate H2O

A

Nylon

54
Q

Addition / vinyl compound’s two shining stars of the show

A

Acrylics - resin and acid

55
Q

hard rigid glass polymer, liquid and then at dentists final polymer is synthesized

A

Acrylic resin

56
Q

adhesive water soluble polymer, liquid and ready to be used

A

Acrylic acid

57
Q

Common example of vinyl compound / acrylic resin in dentistry

A

Methacrylate –> PMMA (dentures/dental cements)

58
Q

G(2)PT - 4 stages of polymerization

A 
Generation of free radicals
- activation (heat/light)
- initiation (at molecular level)
Propagation of rxn
Termination of rxn
59
Q

SAP that alter one another

A

structure, properties, application

60
Q

spaghetti example is referring to polymeric materials

A

length, temp, alignment, disentanglement, sauce

61
Q

DoP

A

of repeat units/monomers

62
Q

MW

A

DoP x MW of repeating units (in g/mol usually)

63
Q

Higher the MW, higher the ____/____

A

strength/rigidity

64
Q

Higher the DoP, Higher the strength because

A

more bonds to break

65
Q

3 physical states of polymers (EAS)

A 
Elastomers
Hard amorphous (transparent)
Hard semicrystalline (translucent)
66
Q

why are polymers more flexible at higher temp

A

easier disentanglement

67
Q

High Tg leads to

A

rigid at room temp

68
Q

Low Tg leads to

A

flexible at room temp

69
Q

High Tg - RIGID (hard polymers)

A

Low Tg - FLEXIBLE (elastomers)

70
Q

elastics is to ___ and viscous is to break intermolecular bonds and ____

A

stretch, disentanglement

71
Q

plasticizers liquids that reduce friction between molecules and ____ and lower Tg

A

Soften, lower Tg

72
Q

Cross linking leads to more bonds and results in (3 things)

A

stronger, more rigid, higher Tg

73
Q

lead to different arrangements at molecular level (SAME COMPOSITION THO) and results in different properties

A

co polymers

74
Q

impressions, rubber for root canal, resin composites are all examples of

A

polymer application in dentistry

75
Q

mixture of metals

A

alloy

76
Q

metals are polycrystalline which means long, regular arrangement of atoms. in contrast, _____ has no such regularity

A

amorphous

77
Q

point imperfections (3)

A

substitutional, interstitial, vacancies

78
Q

line imperfection results in ____ in a crystal

A

dislocation

79
Q

metal with smaller grains results in a ____, tough and dense but more corrosive metal

A

strong

80
Q

plastic deformations in metals results in slip of layers of atoms over each other and is __

A

permanent

81
Q

soft metal is one where ___ can be easily moved through crystal structure

A

easily

82
Q

makes more dislocations, more interactions between dislocations which makes stronger

A

cold working

83
Q

grain growth - from heating, larger grains form, less impediment for dislocation

A

softer material

84
Q

to have a solid substitutional you need the same lattice structure and similar ___ size

A

atomic (au, Cu, Ag, Pt, Pd – FCC)

85
Q

Steel C atoms in Fe - since carbon is so small compared to Fe results in

A

Solid interstitial. results in stainless steel and makes dislocation harder

86
Q

You have metal A and metal B. have a combo of both then that is a variable combo

A

partial solid insolubility.

87
Q

metals make compounds but they are very specific and defined composition ex: Ag3Sn - amalgam

A

Intermetallic compounds

88
Q

strong, stiff, brittle, but chemically stable and noncorrosive

A

ceramics

Biomaterials Simplified (4 decks)

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