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BIOCHEM SECC 2 > BIOCHEM SEC 2 > Flashcards

BIOCHEM SEC 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Amino Acids (9)

A

“PVT TIM HaLL”

  • Phenylalanine
  • Valine
  • Threonina
  • Triptofano
  • Isoleucina
  • Metionina
  • Leucina
  • Lysine
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2
Q

Glucogenic/Ketogenic Amino Acids (4)

A

Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Treonina
Tryptophan

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3
Q

Ketogenic Amino Acid(2)

A

Lysine
Leucine
“the onLY pureLY ketogenic amino acid”

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4
Q

Acid Amino Acids (2)

A

Aspartic Acid

Glutamic Acid

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5
Q

Basic Amino Acids (3)

A

“His Lies Are basic”

  • Histidine
  • Lysine
  • Arginine
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6
Q

Most basic Amino Acid

A

Arginine

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7
Q

Amino acids require during the formation period

A

Arginine and histidine

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8
Q

____________ are linear structure proteins

A

primary

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9
Q

_____ involves the arrangements of the amino acids in alpha helices and beta sheets

A

Secondary

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10
Q

_________ includes a 3 dimensional shape of a folded protein

A

tertiary structure

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11
Q

_____ is the arrangement of polypeptides subunits in a protein structure that has more than 1 polypeptide chain

A

quaternary egg. hemoglobin

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12
Q

A2 B2

A

Normal hemoglobin

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13
Q

A2 Y2

A

Fetal hemoglobin

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14
Q

A2 Bs2

A

Sickel - cell hemoglobin

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15
Q

Desaturated hemoglobin

A

T1.. Tense form

low oxygen affinity

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16
Q

Saturated hemoglobin

A

R1..relaxed form

high oxygen affinity

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17
Q

Leftward shift hemoglobin-oxygen graph (3)

A

Decreased CO2
Alkalosis
Decreased 2,3 - BPG

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18
Q

Rightward shift hemoglobin-oxygen graph (6)

A 
CO2
H+
Acidosis
Exercise
Temperature
Increased 2,3 BPG
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19
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A
  • Night blindness (nyctalopia)
  • dry scaly skin
  • Corneal degeneration metaplasia (keratomalacia)
  • Inmnunosupresion
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20
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Muscle weakness

anergia

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21
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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22
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid

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23
Q

Vitamin c deficiency

A

Bleeding Gums
Prolonged wound healing
(IMPROVES FE+ ABSORCION -> Improves anemia)

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24
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

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25
Q

Vitamin B7 deficiency

A

Alopecia

Dermatitis

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26
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra

Demencia
Diarrea
Dermatitis

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27
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

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28
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Seizures
Sideroblastic anemia
Neuropatia ** B6 es un importante factor en la formacion de GABA.

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29
Q

______ importante factor en la formacion de GABA

A

Pyridoxine (vitamina B6)

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30
Q

Iodine Deficiency

A

Goiter

Mental disability in children

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31
Q

Essential fructosuria is caused by

A

Deficiency in Fructokinase

HR

32
Q

Envelope - shaped crystals

A

Calcium Oxalate

33
Q

The deficit in both vitamins cause Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B12

34
Q

Smaller Amino Acid

A

Glycine

35
Q

Flexible Amino Acid

A

Prolina

36
Q

El KM y la afinidad por el sustrato son___

A

Indirectamente Proporcionales

37
Q

Las Kinasas usan como cofactores_______ y _____

A

Magnesium

ATP

38
Q

Todo proceso de liberacion vesicular utiliza que elemento?

A

CALCIO

39
Q

Structural abnormalities are usually inherited as

A

Dominant

40
Q

Enzymatic abnormalities are usually inherited as

A

Recessive

41
Q

ATP7P

A

Wilson’s Disease

42
Q

ATP7

A

Menke’s Disease

43
Q

Most common inherited cause of intellectual disability

A

X fragil syndrome

44
Q

Due to a frameshift mutation causing deleted Dystrophin

A

Duchenne muscle dystrophy

DMD- dystrophin gene

45
Q
  • Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles due to fibrofatty replacement.
  • Weakness begins from the pelvic muscles and progress superiorly
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of death
A

Duchenne

*** loss of dystrophin -> myonecrosis (high CK and aldolase)

46
Q

The patient uses upper extremities to help stand up

A

Gowers sign - duchenne

47
Q

Less severe than Duchene

Due to non-frameshift deletions in the dystrophin gene

A

Becker’s

48
Q

Precursor to leukotrienes and prostaglandins

A

Arachidonic acid

49
Q

Metabolites have a cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects

A

Linoleic Acid (omega 3)

50
Q

Fat Soluble vitamins

A 
A
D
E
K
Absorption dependent on ilium and pancreas.
51
Q

Malabsorption syndromes with steatorrhea (eg cystic fibrosis and celiac disease) or mineral oil intake can cause____

A

fat-soluble vitamins deficiency

52
Q

B12 is stored in

A

liver for 3-4 y

53
Q

B9 is stored in

A

Liver for 3-4 m

54
Q

Vitamin A

A

retinol,retinal,retinoic acid

55
Q

Vitamin A is essential for_______

A

normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancreatic,mucus-secreting cells)

56
Q

Used topically for wrinkles and acne

A

Retinol (vitamin A)

-Isotretinoin (severe cystic acne)

57
Q

All-trans retinoic acid to treat______

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

58
Q

Vitamin A excess

A
  • acute toxicity: nausea,vomiting, increased ICP (vertigo,blurred vision)
  • Chronic toxicity: alopecia,dry skin
59
Q

Vitamin B1

A

thaimine

60
Q

Thiamine (b1) is a cofactor for (4)

A

dehydrogenase enzyme reaction “Be APT”

  • Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
  • alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolisis to TCA)
  • Transketolasa (HMP shunt)
61
Q

Vitamin B1 Deficit

A

Impaired glucose breakdown -> ATP depletion worsened by glucose infusion (highly aerobic tissue are affected first)

62
Q

In patients with chronic alcoholism or malnutrition give ________ before ________ to decrease the risk of Wernicke encephalophagy.

A

thiamine // dextrose

63
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy diagnosis is made by ______

A

Increased RBC’s transketolase activity following vitamin B1 administration

64
Q

Vitamin B1 disorders (5)

A
  1. Wernicke encephalopathy
  2. Korsakoff syndrome
  3. Wernicke-Korsakoff
  4. Dry beriberi
  5. Wet beriberi
65
Q

Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia, Nystagmus, Ataxia.

Acute, reversible life-threatening condition.

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

66
Q

Due to chronic alcohol abuse // patient presents with confabulation, personality disorder, and memory loss (permanent)

A

Korsakoff Syndrome

67
Q

Damage to the medial dorsal nucleus and mamillary bodies due to B1 deficit

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

68
Q

Polyneuropathy, symmetric muscle wasting due to B1 deficit

A

Dry beri beri

69
Q

High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) edema due to lack of B1

A

wet beri beri

70
Q
  • Cheiliosis (inflammation of lips, scaling, and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
  • “magenta” tongue
  • Corneal vascularization
A

deficit of Vitamin B2

71
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin,nicotinic acid

72
Q

Constituent of NAD+ and NADPH+ (used in redox reactions and as cofactor by dehydrogenase)

A

Niacin,nicotinic acid,B3

73
Q

Derived from tryptophan and synthesis requires vitamins B6 and B 2 and used to treat dyslipidemia (high VLDL and high HDL)

A

Niacin,nicotinic acid,B3

74
Q

Antibodies against postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

A

Myasthenia gravis

75
Q

syndrome associated with SCLC and is caused by antibodies against Purkinje cells.
px presents with ATAXIA

A

Subacute cerebellar degeneration

76
Q

Chronic respiratory symptoms (tb like) + presence of verrucous skin lesions + lytic bone lesions, along with his residence in Wisconsin

A

Blastomycosis

BIOCHEM SECC 2 (2 decks)

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