Biochem of DM Flashcards
What is the percentage of the total population that have diabetes?
8.3%
What is the percent over 60 that has diabetes?
26.9%
Individuals with diabetes experience a risk of death how many times higher than their non-diabetic counterparts?
twice as high
How can gestational diabetes arise?
during pregnancy, the insulin sensitivity of the mother is decreased
Insulin increases which GLUT transporter at the plasma membranes of many cells?
GLUT 4
How can diabetic patients present at fasting hypoglycemic?
lack of insulins control to promote glycogen deposition and usage
Why can diabetics present with hyperlipidemia?
insulin cant shut down HSL in diabetics
How can aberrant insulin utilization lead to GNG defects?
insulin usually represses GNG
How does sorbitol alter NADPH and NADH levels?
NADPH = aldose reductase (Glu –> Sorb)
NADH = polyol dehydrogenase (sorb –> fructose)
What is HHS? What causes HHS?
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
hyperglycemia leading to dehydration of tissues
What is HHS also known as?
nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome
What is NKHHC?
nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma
What electrolyte is lost concomitantly during polyuria?
potassium
How can insulin effect VLDL levels?
insulin regularly regulats LPL to liberate fatty acids to tissues
How does insulin regularly affect ketone body levels?
insulin suppresses ketone body levels by suppressing lipolysis
What is the name of the damage caused by chronically high levels of blood glucose to vessels?
microangiopathy and macroangiopathy
What is removed from pro-insulin to yield insulin?
C-peptide
What two proteins does insulin alter the levels of?
increase acetyl-CoA carboxylase and decrease PEPCK
What percentage of the cases does type 2 diabetes account for?
90%
What lipase does insulin induce the expression of?
lipoprotein lipase
No insulin = no release of FAs to peripheral tissues
What three genes does insulin control txn of?
increased txn for acetyl-CoA Carboxylase and fatty acid synthase
decreased txn of PEPCK
