Biochem Lecture 1

Question 0

What process converts mRNA into proteins?

Answer 0

Translation

Question 1

What process converts DNA to mRNA?

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

What are the individual components that make up proteins?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What are the common components of every amino acid?

Answer 3

Alpha carbon in the middle
Amino group NH3+
Carboxyl group COO-

Question 4

What does chiral mean?

Answer 4

Handedness or mirror image of each other

Question 5

What is an isomer?

Answer 5

Same molecular formula, different configuration.

Question 6

What are enantiomers?

Answer 6

Mirror image of each other.

Question 7

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 7

20

Question 8

How many amino acids are non polar?

Answer 8

9

Question 9

How many amino acids are polar?

Answer 9

11

Question 10

How many amino acids are uncharged polar and how many are charged polar?

Answer 10

Of the 11 that are polar, 6 are uncharged and 5 are charged.

Question 11

Of the charged polar amino acids, how many are acidic vs basic?

Answer 11

There are 5 charged and polar. 
2 acidic (negative)
3 basic (positive)

Question 12

General rules for non polar amino acids.

Answer 12

R-groups contain only hydrocarbons with two exceptions:
Tryptophan
Methionine
Both have sandwiched polar atoms that have their electronegativity masked.

Question 13

What are hydrophobic interactions and hydrophobic effect?

Answer 13

Hydrophobic r-groups interact and group together towards the inside of a protein to exclude water from their group. This is a major folding force in proteins.

Question 14

General rule for polar uncharged amino acids.

Answer 14

Contain one or more electronegative atoms such as O, N, or S
All able to form hydrogen bonds
Contains only one N in side chain
Contains hydroxyl groups -OH
NOT carboxyl groups -COOH

Question 15

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 15

Sharing of a hydrogen between molecules.
N-H bonds and O-H bonds are polar, creating a partial charge in each atom. These partial charges attract each other and form a weak bond.

Question 16

General rule for acidic amino acids.

Answer 16

These are proton donors and are the only two with carboxyl side chain groups.

Question 17

General rule for basic amino acids.

Answer 17

Proton acceptors

Have amines or N groups in side chains without O nearby

Question 19

What bonds can charged amino acids form?

Answer 19

Ionic and hydrogen

Question 20

Name the non-polar amino acids

Answer 20

There are 9:
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Proline

Question 21

Name the polar, non-charged amino acids

Answer 21

There are 6:
Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Cysteine

Question 22

Name the polar, negatively charged amino acids

Answer 22

There are 2 acidic:
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid

Question 23

Name the polar, positively charged amino acids

Answer 23

There are 3 basic:
Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

Question 24

Classify Glutamate

Answer 24

Glutamic acid,

Polar, neg charge

Question 25

Classify Arginine

Answer 25

Polar, positive charge

Question 26

Classify Leucine

Answer 26

Non polar

Question 27

Classify Asparginine

Answer 27

Polar, non charged

Question 28

Classify Threonine

Answer 28

Polar, non charged

Question 29

Classify Tryptophan

Answer 29

Non polar

Question 30

Classify Cysteine

Answer 30

Polar, non charged

Question 31

Classify Aspartate

Answer 31

Aspartic acid,

Polar, neg charge

Question 32

Classify Isoleucine

Answer 32

Non polar

Question 33

Classify Histidine

Answer 33

Polar, pos charge

Question 34

Classify Glutamine

Answer 34

Polar, non charged

Question 35

Classify Phenylalanine

Answer 35

Non polar

Question 36

Classify Methionine

Answer 36

Non polar

Question 37

Classify Lysine

Answer 37

Polar, pos charge

Question 38

Classify Valine

Answer 38

Non polar

Question 39

Classify Proline

Answer 39

Non polar

Question 40

Classify Tyrosine

Answer 40

Polar, non charged

Question 41

Classify Alanine

Answer 41

Non polar

Question 42

Classify Serine

Answer 42

Polar, non charged

Question 43

Classify Glycine

Answer 43

Non polar