biochem in cell

Question 1

“everything that living
things do can be
understood in terms of
the jigglings and
wigglings of atoms”

Answer 1

Richard Feynman
- Sperm fertilizing an
egg.

Question 2

“Living things are composed of lifeless molecules”

Answer 2

Albert Lehninger

Question 3

“Chemistry is the logic of biological phenomena”

Answer 3

Garrett and Grisham

Question 4

complicated and highly organized

Answer 4

Living Organisms

Question 5

serve functional purposes

Answer 5

Biological structures

Question 6

actively engaged in energy
transformations

Answer 6

Living systems

Question 7

have a remarkable capacity for self-
replication

Answer 7

Living systems

Question 8

flows from photosynthetic organisms through
food chains to herbivores and on to carnivores at the apex of
the food pyramid

Answer 8

Solar energy

Question 9

1st primary Producers

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

1st primary Consumers

Answer 10

herbivores

Question 11

2nd primary Consumers

Answer 11

Carnivores

Question 12

Organisms capture energy in the form of special
energized molecules

Answer 12

ATP, NADPH

Question 13

ATP structure draw

Answer 13

drawing

Question 14

NADPH structure draw

Answer 14

drawing

Question 15

Two complementary
polynucleotide chains running in opposite directions can pair
through hydrogen bonding between their nitrogenous bases.
Their complementary nucleotide sequences give rise to
structural complementarity.

Answer 15

DNA double helix

Question 16

DNA double helix

Answer 16

5’ top
3’ bottom

Question 17

Covalent bond
formation by e- pair sharing
makes _____ appropriate
for the support of life

Answer 17

H, O, C and N

Question 18

make up 99+% of atoms in the human body

Answer 18

H, O, C and N

Question 20

63% atoms in the human body

Answer 20

Hydrogen

Question 20

25.5% atoms in the human body

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

9.5% atoms in the human body

Answer 21

Carbon

Question 22

1.4% atoms in the human body

Answer 22

Nitrogen

Question 23

What property unites H, O, C and N and renders
these atoms so appropriate to the chemistry of life?

Answer 23

ability to form covalent bonds by
electron-pair sharing

Question 24

H-H bond

Answer 24

436 kJ/mol

Question 25

C-H bond

Answer 25

414 kJ/mol

Question 26

C-C bond

Answer 26

343 kJ/mol

Question 27

C-O bond

Answer 27

351 kJ/mol

Question 28

formation by e-
pair sharing

Answer 28

Covalent bond

Question 29

the Units for
Building Complex Structures

Answer 29

Simple Molecules

Question 30

example of linear aliphatic

Answer 30

stearic acid

Question 31

example of cyclic

Answer 31

cholesterol

Question 32

example of branched

Answer 32

B-carotene

Question 33

example of planar

Answer 33

chlorophyll a

Question 34

inorganic precursors: (16-64 daltons)

Answer 34

carbon dioxide

Question 35

metabolites: (50-520 daltons)

Answer 35

pyruvate

Question 36

building blocks: (100-350 daltons)

Answer 36

alanine (amino acid)

Question 37

macromolecules: (10^3 - 10^9 daltons)

Answer 37

protein

Question 38

have a
“sense” or directionality

Answer 38

Macromolecules and their building blocks

Question 39

informational

Answer 39

Macromolecules

Question 40

have characteristic three-dimensional
architecture

Answer 40

Biomolecules

Question 41

maintain biological structure and
determine biomolecular interactions

Answer 41

weak forces

Question 42

build proteins

Answer 42

Amino acids

Question 43

are built by joining sugars
together

Answer 43

Polysaccharides

Question 44

polymers of nucleotides

Answer 44

Nucleic acids

Question 45

hold atoms together so that
molecules are formed

Answer 45

Covalent bonds

Question 46

profoundly influence the structures
and behaviors of all biological molecules

Answer 46

Weak forces

Question 47

create interactions that are constantly
forming and breaking under physiological
conditions

Answer 47

Weak forces

Question 48

Energies of weak forces range from

Answer 48

0.4 to 30 kJ/mol

Question 49

weak forces include

Answer 49

• van der Waals interactions
• Hydrogen bonds
• ionic interactions

Question 50

Van der Waals Interactions

Answer 50

0.4-4.0 kJ/mol

Question 51

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 51

12-30 kJ/mol

Question 52

Ionic Interactions

Answer 52

20 kJ/mol

Question 53

Hydrophobic Interactions

Answer 53

<40 kJ/mol

Question 54

mediated by weak
chemical forces

Answer 54

Biomolecular recognition

Question 55

restrict organisms to a narrow range of
environmental conditions

Answer 55

weak forces

Question 56

contribute to
the stability of
proteins

Answer 56

Ionic bonds

Question 57

the principle that guides the
biomolecular interactions that characterize the
living state.

Answer 57

Molecular Recognition Through Structural
Complementarity

Question 58

• A single (plasma) membrane
• No nucleus or organelles

Answer 58

Prokaryotic cells

Question 59

• Much larger in size than prokaryotes
• 103-104 times larger!
• Nucleus plus many organelles
• ER, Golgi, mitochondria, etc.

Answer 59

Eukaryotic cells

Question 60

a member of the
coliform group of bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract of
humans.

Answer 60

Escherichia coli or Ecoli

Question 61

genetic elements enclosed in a protein
coat.

Answer 61

viruses

Question 62

not free-living organisms and can reproduce
only within cells.

Answer 62

viruses

Question 63

how an almost absolute specificity
for their particular host cells, infecting and multiplying only
within those cells.

Answer 63

viruses

Question 64

known for virtually every kind of cell.

Answer 64

viruses

Question 65

mobile bits of
genetic information encapsulated in a protein coat.

Answer 65

viruses