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Biochemistry > Biochem from UWorld > Flashcards

Biochem from UWorld Flashcards

1
Q

ricin

A

cleaves rRNA of 60S subunit

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2
Q

7a-hydroxylase

A

cholesterol to bile acids

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3
Q

Gs

A

glucagon, TSH, and PTH receptors

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4
Q

Bohr effect

Haldane effect

A

peripheral tissues

lungs

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5
Q

scurvy also causes

A

anemia

hyperkeratotic papular rashes

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6
Q

pyruvate carboxylase regulation

A

acetyl CoA stimulates

gluconeogenesis

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7
Q

insulin resistance

A

aberrant serine or threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1 via TNFa, catecholamines, glucocorticoids, or glucagon

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8
Q

CN poisoning

A

flush, RR, HR, headache, N/V, then resp/cardiac dysfunction

binds cytochrome a-a3 complex

trapped by methemoglobin induced by amyl nitrates, or can use sodium thiosulfate to make thiocyanate which is excreted in urine

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9
Q

heme to biliverdin

A

heme oxygenase

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10
Q

heme synthetic enzymes

A

ferrochetalase

uroporphrinogen decarboxylase

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11
Q

treat homocystinuria

A

B6

decrease methionine

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12
Q

PMNT

A

NE to E

under control of cortisol

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13
Q

treat orotic aciduria

A

uridine to inhibit CPS I

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14
Q

enolase

A

2PG to PEP

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15
Q

aconitase

A

citrate to isocitrate

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16
Q

hemoglobin C

A

Glu –> Lysine (more positive)

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17
Q

aging

A

less production of dermal collagen and elastin

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18
Q

heme synthesis

A

Succinyl CoA + glycine + B6 —ALAS–> ALA —ALA dehydratase–> porphyrobilinogen —HMB synthase—> HMB (UPI) —Uroporphyrinogen III synthase–> uroporphyrinogen III —UPDC—> Coporphrinogen III —CPO—> protoporphyinogen IX —> protoporphyrin IX —Ferrochetalase+Fe–> Heme

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19
Q

Heme regulatory

A

Lead —] ALA dehydratase
Lead —] ferrochetalase
Heme, glucose —-] ALA synthase
Alcohol, barbiturates, hypoxia —> ALA synthase

20
Q

high glycogen in lysosomes

A

Pompe (acid maltase/a-glucosidase)

21
Q

sorbitol dehydrogenase

A

sorbitol –> fructose

22
Q

dihydropterin reductase deficiency

A

can’t do BH2 to BH4

needed for phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase

23
Q

nitrous acid

A

deaminates C, A, G

24
Q

glycogen phosphorylase kinase

A

active when phosphorylated by PKA
active when allosteric Ca binding
activates glycogen phophorylase

25
Q

JAK-STAT

A

CSF’s, GH, prolactin, IL2, cytokines

26
Q

GLUT

A

1 - RBC, BBB = basal
2 - liver, beta cells, renal tubular, SI = regulate
3 - placenta, neurons
4 - skeletal muscle, adipocytes = insulin
5 - sperm, GI tract = fructose

27
Q

elastin

A

desmosine cross-linking via lysyl hydroxylase on four chains

glycine, alanine, valine
fewer hydroxylated proline, lysine

28
Q

2,3-DPG

A

stabilizes T form (no O2)

facilitates release at tissue level

29
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum

A

often from UV-specific endonuclease deficiency

30
Q

methylmalonic acidemia

A

defect in isomerization of methylmallonyl CoA to succinyl CoA

31
Q

GTP made in glycolysis

A

succinyl-CoA synthetase/succinate thiokinase

32
Q

GTP used

A

PEPCK

33
Q

folate

A

thymidylate synthase

34
Q

need CoA

A

OAA to citrate
vit A, D, cholesterol, steroids, heme A
FA, AA, protein

35
Q

proprionic acid

A

catabolite of Ile, Val, Thr, Met, cholesterol, odd chain FA

36
Q

OATP

MRP2

A

passive uptake indirect bili to liver

active secretion direct bili into bile

37
Q

heme synthesis

A

in mitochondria

38
Q

pancreatic B cell regulation

A

Glucose enters, increase ATP via TCA, leads to closure of K channel, depolarize, Ca channel open, insulin out

39
Q

can’t use ketone bodies

A

RBC (no mitochondria)

Liver (no succinyl-CoA-acetoacetate CoA transferase)

40
Q

lead poisoning mechanism

A

affinity for sulfhydryl groups of delta-ALA-dehydratase and ferrochetalase

delta-ALA = succinyl CoA + glycine with B6

41
Q

N-acetylglutamate

A

glutamate + acetylCoA, needed for CPS I

42
Q

Hexokinase

A

can save fructose in fructokinase def

43
Q

G6PDH

A

G6P to 6PG

44
Q

prevent tumor lysis syndrome

A

rasburicase (inhibits urate oxidase)

allopurinol

45
Q

metabolized faster than glucose

A

fructose

aldolase B yields DHAP and glyceraldehyde bypassing PFK1

46
Q

chronic myeloproliferative disorders

A

polycythemia vera
essential thrombocytosis
primary myelofibrosis

V617F mutation in JAK2

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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