BioChem Facts Flashcards
acid-hydrolysis yields ____ cleavage of peptide bonds
non-specific
proteolysis with a specific enzyme yields ____ cleavage of peptide bonds
specific
solvation shell
solvent surrounding the protein
temperature can impact all protein structures except ____
primary
pH can distrupt ____ bonds which impacts ____ & ____ folding
ionic; tertiary / quartenary
chemicals distrupt ____ bonding which can impact all folding except ____
primary
enzymes can impact ____
all folding
upregulate
increases enzyme concentration/activity
most important factor for protein folding
hydrophobic effect
low pH end on a blot means
highly protonated and starting at anode then becoming less positive toward cathode
phosphorylation causes a protein to become more ___
negative
___ configurations of amino acids are found in humans
L
breaking of ATP bonds, allows electrons to go from ____ energy to ____, releasing energy
high; lower
ATP is used for
- biosynthesis
- muscle contraction
- ion movement
gluconeogensis
process of producing glucose from pyruvate (and AA/lactate)
glycogen
polymer of glucose
1st “roadblock” in gluconeogensis
- pyruvate carboxylase is used to convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate
2nd “roadblock” of gluconeogensis
- fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase is used to convert fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
3rd “roadblock” of gluconeogensis
- glucose 6-phosphotase is used to convert glucose 6-phosphate to glucose
glucose 6-phosphotase
enzyme that is responsible for the supply of glucose from glycgoen & gluconeogensis
insulin & AMP promotes
glycolysis
glucagon & ATP promote
gluconeogensis
what is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?
- NADPH (oxidative phase)
- ribose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative)
what is the begining reactant in the pentose phosphate pathway?
glucose 6-phosphate
pyruvate dehydrogenase
enzyme responsible for driving the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
is there any hormonal regulation of the krebs cycle?
no
