BioChem Facts

Question 1

acid-hydrolysis yields ____ cleavage of peptide bonds

Answer 1

non-specific

Question 2

proteolysis with a specific enzyme yields ____ cleavage of peptide bonds

Answer 2

specific

Question 3

solvation shell

Answer 3

solvent surrounding the protein

Question 4

temperature can impact all protein structures except ____

Answer 4

primary

Question 5

pH can distrupt ____ bonds which impacts ____ & ____ folding

Answer 5

ionic; tertiary / quartenary

Question 6

chemicals distrupt ____ bonding which can impact all folding except ____

Answer 6

primary

Question 7

enzymes can impact ____

Answer 7

all folding

Question 8

upregulate

Answer 8

increases enzyme concentration/activity

Question 9

most important factor for protein folding

Answer 9

hydrophobic effect

Question 10

low pH end on a blot means

Answer 10

highly protonated and starting at anode then becoming less positive toward cathode

Question 11

phosphorylation causes a protein to become more ___

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

___ configurations of amino acids are found in humans

Answer 12

L

Question 13

breaking of ATP bonds, allows electrons to go from ____ energy to ____, releasing energy

Answer 13

high; lower

Question 14

ATP is used for

Answer 14

• biosynthesis
• muscle contraction
• ion movement

Question 15

gluconeogensis

Answer 15

process of producing glucose from pyruvate (and AA/lactate)

Question 16

glycogen

Answer 16

polymer of glucose

Question 17

1st “roadblock” in gluconeogensis

Answer 17

• pyruvate carboxylase is used to convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Question 18

2nd “roadblock” of gluconeogensis

Answer 18

• fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase is used to convert fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

Question 19

3rd “roadblock” of gluconeogensis

Answer 19

• glucose 6-phosphotase is used to convert glucose 6-phosphate to glucose

Question 20

glucose 6-phosphotase

Answer 20

enzyme that is responsible for the supply of glucose from glycgoen & gluconeogensis

Question 21

insulin & AMP promotes

Answer 21

glycolysis

Question 22

glucagon & ATP promote

Answer 22

gluconeogensis

Question 23

what is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 23

• NADPH (oxidative phase)
• ribose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative)

Question 24

what is the begining reactant in the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 24

glucose 6-phosphate

Question 25

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 25

enzyme responsible for driving the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Question 26

is there any hormonal regulation of the krebs cycle?

Answer 26

no