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Biochem Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Helium is ________, _________ react

A

Helium is inert, doesn’t react

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2
Q

Protons ____ _________

A

Protons define elements

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3
Q

atomic number =

A

of protons = atomic number

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4
Q

Nucleus accounts for _________ in atom

A

Nucleus accounts for all mass in atom

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5
Q

If lose electrons, it becomes ______ charged (_____ ions)

A

If lose electrons, it becomes positively charged (positive ions)

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6
Q

If gain electron, it because _______ charged (____ ions)

A

If gain electron, it because negatively charged (negative ions)

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7
Q

Isotopes has _____ but _______ (changes mass)

A

Isotopes has same # of protons but diff # of neutrons (changes mass)

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8
Q

Noble gases don’t _______

A

Noble gases don’t react

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9
Q

Ionic Bond: __________ of ______ from ______ to _____
__________ form as result (more or = to 2 elements)_

A

Ionic Bond: complete transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals

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10
Q

What are the elements, CHNOPS, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, He, Ne, Ar

A

C(carbon)H(hydrogen)N(nitrogen)O(oxygen)P(phosphorus)S(sulfur)
Ca (calcium) K (potassium) Na (sodium) Mg (magnesium)
He (helium) Ne (neon) Ar (argon)
CI (chlorine)

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11
Q

Covalent bond: _______ of ___________ between ______

A

Covalent bond: complete sharing of valence electrons between 2 atoms

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12
Q

Double bonds includes _ shared electrons

A

Double bonds includes 4 shared electrons

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13
Q

_______ breaks triple bond

A

Lightning breaks triple bond

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14
Q

_____ stinks

A

Hydrogen sulficle stinks

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15
Q

_____ w ______ makes ionic bonds/compounds

A

Metal w nonmetal makes ionic bonds/compounds

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16
Q

______ w _____ make covalent bonds/compounds

A

Nonmetals w nonmetals make covalent bonds/compounds

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17
Q

Molecular formula is _______

A

Molecular formula is symbol & number of elements present in atom

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18
Q

Lone pairs is pair of electrons ____ in covalent bonds

A

Lone pairs is pair of electrons not shared in covalent bonds

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19
Q

Isomers have same _____ but different _____

A

Isomers have same molecular formula but different structural formula

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20
Q

Amino acids are building blocks of ____

A

Amino acids are building blocks of proteins

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21
Q

Dehydration reaction links ____ & ____ into _____

A

Dehydration reaction links short polymer & monomer into longer polymer

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22
Q

Hydrolysis reaction ____ longer polymer into ___ & ____

A

Hydrolysis reaction breaks up longer polymer into short polymer & monomer

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23
Q

Hydroxyl contains which 2 elements?

A

Hydroxyl: O, OH

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24
Q

If something ends in “___”, it is an enzyme

A

If something ends in “ase”, it is an enzyme

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25
______ links together short polymer and unlinked monomer
Dehydration reaction links together short polymer and unlinked monomer
26
Catabolism: _______ complex molecules
Catabolism: uses energy to break down molecules
27
Anabolism: ______ molecules
Anabolism: requires energy to grow and build molecules
28
Metabolism?
Metabolism: does both catabolism and anabolism at the same time Both builds up and breaks down
29
4 classes of biological molecules
polypeptides (proteins) -> amino acids -> CHNOS polysaccharides (carbohydrates) -> monosaccharides (simple sugars) -> CHO Nucleic acids (Dna/Rna) -> nuleotides -> CHNOP Lipids -> glyverol and fatty acids -> CHO
30
Amino acid is made of ___, ____ and ____
Amino acid is made of carboxyl group, amino group, and carbon
31
Dehydration of amino acid turns into _____ (connected by ____ bond)
Dehydration of amino acid turns into dipeptide (connected by peptide bond)
32
There are __ amino acids
There are 20 amino acids
33
For every carbon, there is one ___
For every carbon, there is one H2O
34
2 glucose after dehydration synthesis becomes _____
2 glucose after dehydration synthesis becomes maltose
35
_____ (animal starch) is in ____ and ____
Glycogen (animal starch) is in muscles and liver
36
We cannot access cellulose energy because _____
Cellulose, Cannot access energy because we lack enzymes
37
DNA is made of ___, ___, ____
DNA is made of phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
38
Nitrogen bases A&T have how many bonds
2 hydrogen bonds
39
Nitrogen bases G&C have how many bonds
3 hydrogen bonds
40
Rosalind Franklin .....
Discovered the double helix
41
Lipids are hydro_______
hydrophobic (scared of water)
42
Glycerol becomes attached to _ fatty acids (____ synthesis)
Glycerol becomes attached to 3 fatty acids (dehydration synthesis)
43
Saturated: ___ double bond between carbon e.g., ____
Saturated: without double bond between carbon e.g., Margarine
44
Unsaturated: __ double bond between carbon e.g., ___
Unsaturated: with double bond between carbon e.g., corn oil
45
Density = ___/____
Density = mass/volume
46
Which liquid floats on top is not dependant on density, rather ___
Which liquid floats on top is not dependant on density, rather polarity
47
Electronegativity pulls on __ electrons
Electronegativity pull on shared electrons
48
Linus Pauling
discovered electronegativity
49
Electronegativity values have ___
Electronegativity values have no units
50
_,_,_, and _ pull electrons really well
N, O, Ci, and F pull electrons really well
51
For __ bonds, the two atoms have big different in electronegativity
For ionic bonds, the two atoms have big different in electronegativity
52
What's chargaff's rule
that the quantity of A&T should = the qunatity of G&C
53
Double helix is ____ (parallel but runs in _____)
Double helix is antiparallel (parallel but runs in opposite directions)
54
DNA replicate _ to _
DNA replicate 5’ to 3’
55
What is a semiconservative DNA?
A DNA with a new strand and an old strand
56
DNA replication has a ___ strand and a ____ strand
Leading strand and lagging strand
57
Why make a copy?
Cell division
58
Central Dogma
Central Dogma: DNA codes -> RNA codes -> Protein (never the other way around) (can also be rna to protein) once information gets into a protein, it cant get out
59
DNA to RNA is called: ___
DNA to RNA is called: Transcription
60
RNA to Protein is called: ____
RNA to Protein is called: Translation
61
20 different amino acids → 20 different ____
20 different amino acids → 20 different proteins
62
Enzymes?
Enzymes: proteins that serve as metabolic catalysts, regulate the chemical reactions within cells
63
Protein Strucutres:
Primary: amino acids Secondary: alpha helix and beta pleated sheets with hydrogen bonds keeping them in place Tertiary: (polypeptide) secondary structures held together by disulphite bridges, salt bridges (Na+ Cl-), and the hydrophobic/hydrophillic nature of amino acids Quaternary: transthyretin, 4 identical tertiary polypeptide subunits
64
Gel electrophoresis: Phosphate groups are __
Gel electrophoresis Phosphate groups are negative
65
Holes in the gel was made by __
Holes in the gel was made by “combs”
66
What is the gel made of?
Agarose
67
Dye travels through the gel from ___ to ___
Dye travels through the gel from negative to positive. dye is also dense, so sinks
68
Enzyme Structure
Active Site: enzymes interact with its substrate Substrate Products
69
Enzymes need the right ___ and ___ to work
Enzymes need the right temperature and pH to work
70
Competitive Inhibitors
: compete for the enzymes active site
71
Non-Competitive Inhibitors:
bind somewhere else and change the shape of enzymes so the enzymes can no longer bind with its substrate
72
The longer the time, the more toothpicks ____
The longer the time, the more toothpicks metabolized
73
Increase in concentration of substrates ___ the rate
Increase in concentration of substrates doesn’t affect the rate
74
The bigger the surface area, the ___________
The bigger the surface area, the quicker the metabolization
75
Decreasing the concentration of enzymes ___ the rate
Decreasing the concentration of enzymes decreases the rate
76
Inhibitors ___ the rate of reaction
Inhibitors slow the rate of reaction
77
"ose" means ?
carbohydrates
78
inhibitors are?
chemicals
79
Enzymes have unique _____ shape
enzymes have unique 3 dimensional shapes. shape is critical to their role as biological catalysts

Biology (3 decks)

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