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Biochem 2 > Biochem Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Biochem Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism of fatty acids
Produces ———
Takes place in ______

A

Acetyl-CoA

Mitochondria

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2
Q

Anabolism requires ________ & ________

Takes place in _________ in animals and _______ in plants

A

Acetyl-CoA and Malonl-CoA
Cytosol and chloroplast
(Also is a rate limiting step and the source of NADPH is the PPP “pentode phosphate pathway”)

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3
Q

Fatty Acid Elongation occurs in the ______ & _________

A

Mitochondria and ER

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4
Q

Steps in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

A
  1. Shuttle of Acetyl-CoA to Cytosol
  2. Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Maloney’s-CoA
  3. Reactions of FA Snythesis
    3.2 Loading of Acetyl-CoA
    Condensation
    Reduction
    Dehydration
    Reduction
    Loading again
    Condensation
    (LCRDRLC)
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5
Q

How does Acetyl-CoA cross the membrane into the cytoplasm?

A

TRANSPORTERS on mitochondria membrane are used. Acetyl-CoA crosses membrane via CITRATE and citrate transporters. Once in cytoplasm it undergoes lyses and becomes Acetyl-CoA once again.

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6
Q

Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA is catalyze by ______

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (rate limiting enzyme)

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7
Q

Fatty Acid Synthase elongates the fatty acyl chain by ___ carbons at each step.

A

Two carbons
(NADPH is the electron donor)
FAS I in vertebrates and fungi
FAS II in plants and bacteria

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8
Q

Acyl carrier protein delivers ____ in first step or __________ in all of the next steps to the fatty acid synthase.

A

Acetate first step

Malonate next steps

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9
Q

In fatty acid synthesis _____is a POSITIVE stimulator

A

Citrate

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10
Q

Phosphorylation ______ the enzyme. Glucagon and ______ trigger phosphorylation.

A
  1. Inhibits

2. Epinephrine

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11
Q

Palmitoyl-CoA is an example of feedback ______

A

Inhibition

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12
Q

What site generates ketone bodies?

A

Liver then sent to blood stream

Other organs use ketones as fuel while liver does not

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13
Q

3 types of ketone bodies?

A

Acetoacetate
Acetone
3-hydroxybutyrate

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14
Q

Why can’t the liver use ketones?

A

The liver lacks Thiophorase or ketoacyl-CoA transferase

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15
Q

Palmitate lengthened into: ___ and ____

A

Stearate

Arachidonate

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16
Q

FA elongated by elongates in ___ and ____

A

ER

Mitochondria

17
Q

Desaturation of FA by Desaturases in ____

A

ER

18
Q

Linoleate desaturates into ______

A

Alpha-Linolenate

19
Q

PPP and malic enzyme locations

  1. Cytosol
  2. Mitochondria
  3. ER
A
  1. NADPH production
  2. FA oxidation
  3. Phospholipid synthesis
20
Q

Fatty Acid Synthase locations

  1. Cytosol
  2. Mitochondria
  3. ER
A
  1. FA synthesis
  2. Acetyl-CoA production (PDH complex and Beta-FA oxidation)
  3. Cholesterol synthesis
21
Q

Isoprenoid synthesis

  1. Cytosol
  2. Mitochondria
  3. ER
A
  1. Isoprenoid synthesis (early stages)
  2. Ketone bodies synthesis (from acetyl-CoA)
  3. FA elongation
22
Q

Cholesterol synthesis

  1. Cytosol
  2. Mitochondria
  3. ER
A
  1. Cholesterol synthesis (early stages)
  2. FA elongation
  3. FA desaturation
23
Q

TAG mobilization

A

MAG lipase in cytosol of adipocytes

24
Q

FA transport

A

Human serum albumin (blood)

25
Q

FA activation

A

Cytosol of cells with mitochondria except brain cells

26
Q

FA transport into mitochondria

A

Carnitine shuttle (inner mitochondrial membrane)

27
Q

Beta-oxidation reactions

A

Mitochondrial matrix

28
Q

Glucose and glycogen are for _____ -term energy needs, fats are for ______-term energy needs.

A

Short

Long

29
Q

Lipoprotein lipas activated by ______

A

apoC-II

Converts triacylclycerols into FA and glycerol

30
Q

Triacylglycerols, cholesterol, apolipoproteins =

A

Chylomicrons (how lipids are transported in blood)

31
Q

Beta-Oxidation of FA in _______

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

Acyl-Carnitine

A

Shuttles FA in mitochondria matrix

33
Q

FA metabolism regulation

A

Key enzyme is acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Biochem 2 (2 decks)

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