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biochem 2 > biochem > Flashcards

biochem Flashcards

1
Q

thymidine kinase

A

thymidine + ATP –> TMP +ADP

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2
Q

Carbamoyl phosphate 1

A

NH3++ 2atp+ co2–>carbamoyl phosphate+2adp +h2o

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3
Q

ASAT

A

aspartate+a-KG–>OAA+ glu

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4
Q

Homocysteine mehyl transferse

A

SAM +methyl acceptor —> SAH methyl donor

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5
Q

regulation of PFK-1

A

A: AMP, F- 2,6BP
I: Citrate, ATP

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6
Q

Hormones stimulating pfk-1

A

Insulin, glycogen which regulates PFK-2

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7
Q

disease of LDL-receptor deficiency

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia

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8
Q

3 ways to control cholesterol

A

Statins, inhibit HMG-coA reductase
Insig
decrease of LDL-receptor

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9
Q

Coenzyme for B-oxidation

A

FAD, NAD

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10
Q

A.A forming carnitine

A

lysine

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11
Q

Glutamin synthease

A

glu + nh3+ +ATP —> Gln+ADP

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12
Q

cytidine kinase

A

cytidine + ATP –> CMP +ADP

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13
Q

glycogen phosphorylase

A

glycogen—>g-1-p

cofactor: PLP

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14
Q

Mc ardle disease

A

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase defect

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15
Q

aminiolevulinate dehydratse

ALA dehydratase

A

2ALA—>phorphobilinogen4 + 2*H2O

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16
Q

hyperhomocystenemia

A

high level of homocysteine.

deficiency in cystathionine b-syntease

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17
Q

lipoprotein lipase

A

found in capilarries
APO-cII as cofactor
TAG–> FFA

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18
Q

diabetes milletus type 2 symptoms

A

polyuria, polyphagia

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19
Q

gln donor for

A

PRPP+gln–>pra-5 phosphoribosyl-amine +glu

gln Prpp amidotransferase

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20
Q

heme made from

A

succinyl coa and glycine

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21
Q

gluconeogenesis start from

A

pyruvate

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22
Q

succynyl coa made from?

A

methionine

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23
Q

rate limiting step of purine synthesis

A

ribose-5-p +ATP–> AMP+PRPP

enzyme: ribosephosphokinase

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24
Q

dihydro-orotase

A

carbamoyl-Asp–>dihydro-orate + h2o

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25
Q

n atom of urea comes from

A

arginine

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26
Q

LCAT

A

free cholesterol —> cholesteryl ester

location

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27
Q

ACAT

A

acetyl-coA+ Acetyl-coA—> Acetoacetyl-coa

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28
Q

carnitine deficiency

A

hypoglycemia
fatty liver
fatigue

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29
Q

number of isoforms of COX?

A

two cox-1, cox-2

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30
Q

prodction acetoacetate

A

in mitochondria of liver

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31
Q

intravenous fructose

A

can lead to lactic acidosis

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32
Q

aldosterone deficiency

A

your kidneys will excrete too much salt, and it leads to low blood pressure; low blood volume

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33
Q

what accumulates if ornithine transcarbamoylase deficient?

A

carbamoyl phosphate

ornithine

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34
Q

what accumulates if arginosuccinate lyase deficient?

A

arginosuccinate

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35
Q

tyrosine hydroxylase

A

tyrosine—> Acetoacetate
a-kg—>fumarate+glu, co2
PLP

36
Q

histidine—> histamine + co2 enzyme?

A

histidine decarboxylase

37
Q

ribose-5 phosphate + ATP—> AMP+ PRPP

A

ribosephosphate pyrophosphokinase

38
Q

CETP

A

exchanges triglycerides of VLDL against cholesteryl esters of HDL

39
Q

rate limiting reaction in urea cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate syntease 1

nh4+, co2 + 2* ATP—->carbamoylphosphate + 2adp + h20

40
Q

enzymes making atp in glycolysos

A

pyuvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase

41
Q

enzymes using atp

A

hexokinase/glucokinase

PFK-1

42
Q

amino acid in purine synthesis

A

gln–>glu

glycine

43
Q

amino acid of histamine

A

histidine

44
Q

where is LDL produced? what is the precursor?

A

precursor: IDL, priduced in:liver

45
Q

content of hdl3

A

TAG, cholesterol esters

46
Q

apoprotein of ldl

A

B-100

47
Q

prothetic group of thyroxine oh-lase

A

PLP

48
Q

aspartate carbamoyltransferase

A

carbamoyl phosphate+ asp—> carbamoyl- ASP

49
Q

coenzyme for methyl malolyn mutase

A

Coenzyme; Vit B12.

50
Q

galactosemia type 1

A

def of: phosphate uridyl transferase

51
Q

orotic aciduria

A

UMP synthease deficiency

52
Q

formation of citrulline

A

carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine—> citruline + P

ornithine transcarbamyolase

53
Q

Which are the common cofactors required by both α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A 
Enzymes: 
E1: Pyruvate decarboxylase
E2: Dihydroxylipoamide transferase 
E3: Dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase
5 Cofactors: 
-	Thiamine pyrophosphate (E1)
-	Lipoic acid  + CoASH (E2)
-	FAD and NAD (E3)
54
Q

malonyl coa

A

inhibits beta oxidation by inhibiting carnitine acyltransferase,

55
Q

acidosis

A

ureacycle decreases

56
Q

symptoms of ldl- deficiency

A

high bloodcholesterol

hardening arteries

57
Q

arginase

A

arginine+h20—>ornithine + NH4+

58
Q

N-acetyl glutamate synthease

A

acetyl-coA + glu—-> N-acetyl-glutamic acid + coA

59
Q

glutamate dh

A

glutamate+ NAD—> a-KG +NADH

A-KG + NADP—> glu + NADPH + NH4+

60
Q

methionine adenosyl transferase

A

methionine+ ATP–> SAM + pp

61
Q

Which reaction is catalysed by the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase?

A

Glucose-1-P + Uridine Triphosphate -> Uridine Di phosphate-Glucose + PPi

62
Q

What is the reaction with aspartate catalyzed by aminotransferase, what is the cofactor.

A

What is the reaction with aspartate catalyzed by aminotransferase, what is the cofactor..

63
Q

Glutaminase

A

Glutamine + H2O  Glutamate + NH4+.

64
Q

Which reaction does UMP synthase catalyze, and which cofactors are used

A

Orotidine monophosphate  Uridine monophosphate + CO2

65
Q

Enzyme related to Andersen disease:

A

amylo-1,4-1,6-transglucosidase.

66
Q

Name the substrate and product of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

A

Substrate: Pyruvate + NAD+ + HSCoA
Product: Acetyl-CoA + NADH + CO2

67
Q

What is the effect of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) in glycogen metabolism

A

Glycogen synthase De-P (A)

Glycogen phosphorylase De-P (I)

68
Q

What kind of nucleotide binding site does muscle glycogen phosphorylase have?

A

AMP

69
Q

Which are the most important gluconeogenic precursors?

A

Lactate, glycerol, amino

70
Q

Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase APRT

A

Adenine + PRPP –>AMP + PPi

71
Q

Adenylosuccinate lyase

A

Adenosuccinate —>Fumarate + AMP

72
Q

Adenylosuccinate synthetase

A

IMP + Aspartate + GTP —> Adenylocuccinate + GDP + Pi

73
Q

GMP synthase

A

XMP+GLN+ATP+H2O —> GMP + GLU + AMP + PPi

74
Q

What coenzyme is needed in the formation of acetoacetate from 3-hydroxybutyrate

A

NAD+

75
Q

AMP/adenylate deaminase full reaction

A

AMP —>IMP + NH4

76
Q

Full reaction for any two 5`nucleotidases

A

GMP  Guanosine + Pi

IMP  inosine + Pi

77
Q

UMP synthase full reaction

A

Orotate + PRPP  UMP + PPi + CO2

78
Q

Serine dehydratase full reaction

A

Serine —>Pyruvate + NH4

PLP

79
Q

Threonine dehydratase full reaction

A

Threonine  Alpha-Ketobutyrate + NH4+

PLP

80
Q

Which component (or fat, cant remember) can you find in HDL2 and not HDL3

A

Apo CII

Apo E

81
Q

What are the enzymes that yield NADH in the TCA?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase.

82
Q

What happens to fatty acids in the intestine lumen.

A

LCFA – taken up via chylomicrons

MCFA – directly absorbed

83
Q

What enzyme in FA synthesis reduces NADPH

A

B-ketoacyl reductase

Enoyl reductase

84
Q

How many ATP can be made from the citric acid cycle?

A

10

85
Q

What is the substrate, product and coenzyme of IMP dehydrogenase

A

IMP + NAD + H2O  Xanthosine momophosphate + NADH + H+

86
Q

Position of OH group in primary bile acids

A

Cholic acid: hydroxyl at 3alpha, 7alphha and 12alpha position
Chenodeoxycholic acid: at 3, 7

87
Q

What is the major protein for LDL?

A

Apo B-100

biochem 2 (1 decks)

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