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Bio 12 > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid

A

Donates protons (H+) Sour.

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2
Q

Adenine

A

Nitrogenous base paired with Thymine. (AT)

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3
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphospate. Adenine plus ribose. Transports energy.

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4
Q

Alpha Helix

A

Possible secondary structure of proteins

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5
Q

Amine Group

A

-NH2

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6
Q

Amino Acid

A

Protein monomer. Amino group on one side, acidic group on the other. R group attached.

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7
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons (H+) Bitter. Slippery.

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8
Q

Beta Pleated Sheet

A

Possible secondary structure of proteins

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9
Q

Bonding

A

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

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10
Q

Buffer

A

Allows for resistance in pH changes

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11
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Short term energy sources. “Hydrates of carbon”. H on one side, OH on the other.

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12
Q

Cellulose

A

AKA “fiber”. From plants/insects’s exoskeletons. Indigestible. A polymer of monosaccharides.

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13
Q

Complimentary Base Pairing

A

Pairs in DNA and RNA. AT(AU), CG.

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14
Q

Cytosine

A

Nitrogenous base. Paired with Guamine. (TC)

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15
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

“Building by Taking Away Water.” Water is removed from monomer to make polymer.

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16
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic acid. DNA holds code proteins follow when being built. Contains the sugar deoxyribose. TA, GC. Polymer of nucleotides.

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17
Q

Dipeptide

A

Two amino acids connected by a peptide bond

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18
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharides bonded together. Maltose, Galactose, Sucrose.

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19
Q

Double Helix

A

Shape of double stranded nucleix acids, like DNA

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20
Q

Glucose

A

A monosaccharide.

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21
Q

Glycerol

A

Bonds with three fatty acids to make a fat molecule and water.

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22
Q

Guanine

A

Nitrogenous base. Pairs with cytonine. (CG)

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23
Q

Glycogen

A

A polysaccharide. Long chain of glucose. Quick energy source. Used by animals.

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24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A protein in blood which transports oxygen in blood.

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25
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Between polarized hydrogen and a negatively polarized guy

26
Q

Hydrolysis

A

“Building through water.” Going from polymer to monomers.

27
Q

Lipid

A

Long term energy storage. Fats, oils, phospolipids and steroids.

28
Q

Maltose

A

Disaccharide. Glucose plus glucose.

29
Q

Monomer

A

Bricks bonded together to form a wall(polymer)

30
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Carb. Simple sugar. Less than seven carbons.

31
Q

Neutral Fat

A

Glycerol plus one or more fatty acids.

32
Q

Nitrogenous Base

A

A part of a nucleotide. Adenine, Guamine, Thymine(Uracil), Cytosine.

33
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

DNA and RNA. DNA has the codes for protein, RNA acts them out in synthesis. Made of polymers of nucleotides.

34
Q

Nucleotide

A

What makes up nucleic acids. Composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

35
Q

Organic

A

Dealing with things made up of carbon and hydrogen. Possibly also have nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus.

36
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Bond betweent amino acids

37
Q

pH

A

Scale which measures the amount of H+ in a solution. Zero is acidic, seven is neutral, and fourteen is basic.

38
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4(3-). Involved in phospholipids, ATP, and nucelotides.

39
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid. Has an attached phosphate group which gives it polarity. Used in membranes. Hyrophilic head, hydrophobic tail.

40
Q

Polarity

A

One end is slightly positive, one end is slightly negative.

41
Q

Polymer

A

Several monomers linked together. The brick wall!

42
Q

Polypeptide

A

Makes up proteins. A chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.

43
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Large polymers of monosaccharides.

44
Q

Primary Structure

A

Linear sequence of animo acids. Polypeptides differ by the R groups.

45
Q

Protein

A

Made up of animo acids. Hair, nails. Helps in ligaments, tendons, and skin. Deals in transportation. Enzymes.

46
Q

Quartenary Structure

A

Required when a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide.

47
Q

R-group

A

“Remainder” group in amino acids, alongside an amino group and an acidic group.

48
Q

RNA

A

A nucleic acid. Made up of a polymer of nucleotides. Has Adenine, Uracil, Guamine and Cytosine. Participates in synthesis of proteins.

49
Q

Ribose

A

The sugar in RNA. Combines with adenine to make ATP.

50
Q

Saturated Fat

A

Fat which is saturated with hydrogens. No double bonds. Tends to be solid at room temp.

51
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Amino acids form either an alpha helix or a pleated sheet. The hydrogen bonding between them keeps them in shape.

52
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves something else. Universal solvent is water.

53
Q

Starch

A

Carb. Long chain of glucose made in plants. Quick energy storage.

54
Q

Steroid

A

Lipid made up of four carbon rings which control biological functions. Includes hormones such as extrogen and testosterone.

55
Q

Sugar-phosphate Backbone

A

Backbone of nucleotides. Attached are the bases, which stick out.

56
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

Proteins go into a globuler shape with the hyrophobic bits on the inside and the hydrophilic ones on the outside. Held together with covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds in R-groups.

57
Q

Thymine

A

Nitrogenous base. Paired with Adenine. Only in DNA.

58
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

Fatty acid which has double bonds between carbons instead of being bonded with carbons. Typically liquid at room temp.

59
Q

Uracil

A

Nitrogenuos base. Pairs with Adenine. Only in RNA.

60
Q

Energy of Activation

A

Energy needed to begin a reaction.

Bio 12 (1 decks)

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