Biochem

Question 1

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 2

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Provide energy (short-term energy storage)

Question 4

What type of bond forms between amino acids?

Answer 4

Peptide bond

Question 5

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 5

DNA and RNA

Question 6

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 6

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 7

What are the three main types of lipids?

Answer 7

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids

Question 8

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 8

Saturated fats have no double bonds (solid at room temp), unsaturated fats have double bonds (liquid at room temp)

Question 9

What is ATP, and why is it important?

Answer 9

Adenosine Triphosphate; it is the energy currency of the cell

Question 10

What is the function of the mitochondria in biochemistry?

Answer 10

Produces ATP through cellular respiration

Question 11

What is the role of DNA?

Answer 11

Stores genetic information

Question 12

What sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 12

Ribose

Question 13

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

Answer 13

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 14

What is an example of a disaccharide?

Answer 14

Sucrose (glucose + fructose)

Question 15

What is a polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in animals?

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

What does denaturation do to a protein?

Answer 16

Unfolds it, losing its function

Question 17

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 17

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 18

What type of reaction joins monomers into polymers?

Answer 18

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)

Question 19

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

Answer 19

Lactase

Question 20

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 20

Transports oxygen in the blood

Question 21

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 22

Peptide bonds

Question 23

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 23

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 24

What determines a protein’s function?

Answer 24

Its shape and structure

Question 25

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 25

Enzymes, structural support, transport, immune defense, hormones

Question 26

What causes denaturation of proteins?

Answer 26

High temperature, pH changes, or chemicals

Question 27

What is an enzyme?

Answer 27

A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions

Question 28

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 28

The specific region where the substrate binds

Question 29

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction involving proteins?

Answer 29

A water molecule is added to break peptide bonds

Question 30

What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction involving proteins?

Answer 30

A water molecule is removed to form peptide bonds

Question 31

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 31

Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)

Question 32

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 32

Provide energy and structural support

Question 33

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 33

(CH₂O)ₙ

Question 34

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 34

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 35

Give an example of a disaccharide and its monomers.

Answer 35

Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Question 36

What are three examples of polysaccharides and their functions?

Answer 36

Starch: Energy storage in plants Glycogen: Energy storage in animals Cellulose: Structural support in plant cell walls

Question 37

What is glycogen and where is it stored?

Answer 37

A polysaccharide stored in the liver and muscles for energy

Question 38

What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?

Answer 38

Simple carbohydrates are quickly digested for fast energy, while complex carbohydrates provide long-lasting energy

Question 39

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction involving carbohydrates?

Answer 39

A water molecule is added to break down polysaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 40

What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction involving carbohydrates?

Answer 40

A water molecule is removed to join monosaccharides into polysaccharides