BIOCHEM Flashcards

Question

Where does electron transport chain occur ?

Answer 1

inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 2

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 3

Inhibiting any part of the electron transport chain will halt the transfer of electrons. Blocking electron transport at Complex III will result in a build-up of electrons at proteins earlier in the chain. Because these earlier proteins, including Complex I, cannot pass their electrons off, they will persist in the Reduced state Proteins later in the chain can release their electrons, but cannot replenish them. These later proteins, including Complex IV, will persist in the oxidized state Electrons meeting a roadblock at Complex III will never reach oxygen. Thus, oxygen consumption (reduction) will be decreased. It is important to note that inhibiting the electron transport chain diminishes the proton gradient and compromises ATP synthesis. This is why antimycin is so toxic to cells

Answer 4

Uncontrollable diabetes : results in hyperglycemia, due to either a relative or complete deficiency of insulin. This means the glucose in the blood cannot be transported into the cells. Thus, any processes that are dependent on glucose oxidation will be decreased and other processes to generate energy will be increased. Fatty acid oxidation would be increased, as the cells would break down fatty acids to produce acetyl-CoA to feed into the Krebs cycle. This would result in an increase in acetyl-CoA Since glycolysis is decreased, there would be a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate that is available for the pentose phosphate pathway (not an increase) and thus, a decrease in the amount of NADPH produced by the pentose phosphate pathway.

Answer 5

produce ribulose 5 phosphate that will be used to synthesize nucleotides and NADPH

Answer 6

Oxygen consumption will Decrease and glucose consumption will increase In the absence of electron transport, oxygen is not needed (it is the final electron acceptor in the transport chain) so the consumption of oxygen would decrease. Since the electron transport chain is not available to make energy (ATP) the cells will rely solely on anaerobic respiration – glycolysis. Further, since the energy demands of the cells have not changed, and since glycolysis makes fewer ATP than electron transport, the rate of glycolysis will have to increase to keep the level of ATP normal. Thus, glucose consumption would increase.

Answer 7

patient has increased serum glucose and decreased glycolytic activity.

Answer 8

if pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is inhibited, there would be LESS CO2 expired -cellular respiration would be halted before decarboxylation (PDC) occurs (PDC is when decarboxlation occurs and pyruvate converts to acetyl coA)

Answer 9

There is a removal of 2 carbons per round of beta oxidation until there are final 2 or 3 carbons left (depending on even or odd number of C's in fatty acid) -each beta oxidation round uses 1 water molecule -for 1 water molecule used, produce 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH

Answer 10

11 C fatty acid chain (11 -2= 9-2= 7 -2 = 5 - 2 = 3 so 11 c will undergo 4 rounds of beta oxidation for each round 4 molecules of water will be used and 4 FADH2 molecules produced

Answer 11

- acetoacetate - B-hydroxybutryate -Acetone

Answer 12

amino acid deamination

Answer 13

Ribulose 5 phosphate and 2 NADPH

Answer 14

Increased ATP levels and NADH levels inhibit Krebs cycle

Answer 15

An overnight fast would lead to glucagon release, resulting in glycogenolysis by the liver and the release of glucose into the blood. Glycogenolysis is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight),

BIOCHEM Flashcards

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