Biobased

Question 1

Wt’s biomass
//
Biorefinery

Answer 1

Org. matter from living or recent living organism. (wood, grown plants, Algae)
-> Aromatic, gluconic, ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, furfural
//
from biomass to fuels, power, heat, and value added chemicals.

Question 2

Advantage of bio-based

Answer 2

Renewable, climate change, human health, Ecosystem quality
New performance characteristic
LCA (life cycle assessment)
Cost position.

Question 3

=/ PH to extract =/ biopolymer

Answer 3

Hemicell. hydrolyzed pH = 1-2
Lignin soluble pH = 10-12
Pectin soluble pH = 1-2; degraded pH = 10-12
Lignin and cell. difficult to extract because stable.

Question 4

Cell. properties

Answer 4

Biodegradable (endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase)
Hydrophilic, high energy of surface -> easy crys.
Paralel chain, order, less reactive
H-bond inter. ->interchain cohesion
Hydroscopicity, swelling in H2O
Soluble in DMA/LiCl or DMSO/TABF

Question 5

Hemicellulose

Answer 5

While cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis, hemicellulose has a random, amorphous structure with little strength. It is easily hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as myriad hemicellulase enzymes
Xylose, Arabinose, Mannose, Galactose,…

Question 6

Chitin vs chitosan

Answer 6

Chitin has strong H-bond (NH-CO) than Cell.
Chitosan = Chitin deacetylated.

-NH2 (biocompatibility, biocid activity, good solubility, reactivity and functionalization)

Question 7

Lignin

Answer 7

Include: 3-phenylpropane; p-hydroxyphenyl; …)
Isolated lignin = f(botanical + process)
Physical and chem. modification.
100% amorphous

Question 8

Application of lignin

Answer 8

filler to make composite (after Tg -> soft then mix with PE)

+ replacement of Phenol in phenol formaldehyde resins.

Question 9

PC vs ROP

Answer 9

Polycondesation
vs
Ring opening polymerization

Question 10

PLA characteristic

Answer 10

Transparency
relatively hydrophobic
semi-crystalline (if use pure L-lactide)
interesting mechanical properties.

Question 11

PLA advantage and dis

Answer 11

Biobased, biocompatible, biodegradable, high processability, preserve energy consumption
//
Too much brittle and low strain (<10%)
too low in vivo degradation kinetic
lack of reactive function

Question 12

PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates)

Answer 12

(-O-CH(R)-CH2-CO-)n

from 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid

Question 13

Why recycling?

Answer 13

Long term use
long term environment
save energy

Question 14

Cell. delignification

Answer 14

1/ Shredding to chips
2/ Wood digestion (NaHSO3, H2O, 130-140 oC) or (NaOH, Na2S, H2O, 170-180 oC)
3/ Pulp bleaching (Cl2, NaOCl) or (O2, O3, peroxides)
4/ Washing, drying and Packing
5/ Bleached dissolving pulp.

Question 15

Classification of polymer according to application

Answer 15

1) Elastomers (low modulus, high extensibility)
2) Plastics
3) Fibres
4) Coating (liquid or surface)
5) Adhesives (high adhesive + cohesion)

Question 16

3 step of PLMn

Answer 16

1) Initiation
2) Propagation
3) Termination

Question 17

Polymerisation

Answer 17

• Bulk
• Solution PLMn
• Suspension PLMn
• Emulsion PLMn

Question 18

Most common hardener

Choose by Viscosity of reaction mixture; Life pot mixture; Reactivity; Final properties

Answer 18

HomoPLMn initiator
Co-monomer-diamines
Co-monomer-diphenols
Anhydride or dicarboxylic acids

Question 19

Resistance

Answer 19

Aromatic (thermal, adhesion, corrosion, stiffness)

Ether (hydrolysis)

Question 20

Composite

Answer 20

Put some additive to
increase resistance
decrease price