Bio5.2.2+Pe3.1.1.3 - Repiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

The process of breaking down large organic molecules to release energy.

Question 2

What is the need for cellular respiration ?

Answer 2

• muscle contraction
• thermoregulation
• active transport
• growth

Question 3

Name the structures of mitochondria

Answer 3

• matrix
• outer mitochondrial membrane
• inner mitochondrial membrane
• cristae
• inter membrane space
• mitochondrial DNA

Question 4

What is the function of cristae?

Answer 4

Projections of inner membrane, increasing SA available for oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

What is the function of inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 5

Contains electron transport chains and ATP synthase

Question 6

What is the function of outer mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 6

Cerastes cellular compartment with ideal conditions for aerobic respiration

Question 7

What is the function of matrix?

Answer 7

Contains enzymes for Krebs cycle and link reaction, as well as mitochondrial DNA

Question 8

What is the function of inter membrane space?

Answer 8

Proteins pumped by electron transport chain (small so high concentration)

Question 9

Define anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

The metabolic activity converting glucose into ATP, with the absence of oxygen; it uses electron acceptors other than oxygen. Lactate is the byproduct.

Question 10

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 10

The metabolic activity that converts glucose and oxygen into ATP. The final electron acceptor is oxygen and the byproducts are carbon dioxide and water.

Question 11

Where is the site of glycolysis?

Answer 11

Cytoplasm / sarcoplasm

Question 12

Explain the process of glycolysis

Answer 12

1) 6-carbon molecule of glucose undergoes phosphorylation leaving HEXOSE BIPHOSPHATE. Process converts 2ATP -> 2ADP

2) Lysis occurs dividing into 2x 3-carbon TRIOSE PHOSPHATES

3) Dehydrogenation (coenzyme NAD is reduced when carrying hydrogen away from TP, oxidising TP)
4x ADP -> 4x ATP and PYRUVATE

Question 13

What is the yield of ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 13

2 x ATP

Question 14

What happens when oxygen is present during respiration?

Answer 14

Oxidative decarboxylation, Krebs Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Describe the process of oxidative decarboxylation

Answer 15

1 pyruvate moves into matrix by active transport via carrier proteins
2 CO2 is removed and NAD is reduced as it carries H away from pyruvate
3 Left with 2-carbon acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A
4 = acetylcoenzymeA

Question 16

Describe the process of the kreb’s cycle