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Botany > Bio30Quiz_Lectures16,17,18,19 > Flashcards

Bio30Quiz_Lectures16,17,18,19 Flashcards

1
Q

Who 1st proposed EXTINCTION?

A

Georges Cuvier

1769-1832

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2
Q

Who was the 1st serious PALEONTOLOGIST?

A

Georges Cuvier

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3
Q

Who was GEORGES CUVIER?

A
  • 1st to propose EXTINCTION
  • 1st serious PALEONTOLOGIST
  • supposedly could reconstruct any animal with just ONE of it’s bones
  • demonstrated that fossil organisms were sig. diff. 4m modern organisms
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4
Q

xx.x% of all species that have ever lived are extinct.

A

99.9

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5
Q

What are the causes of EXTINCTION?

A
  • DISEASE/EPIDEMIC wipes out a species
  • CLIMATIC CHANGE occurs & species can’t adapt
  • NEW SPECIES appear–out competes orginal species for resources
  • ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHE occurs
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6
Q

When did DINOSAURS go EXTINCT?

A

65 MYA

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7
Q

Why did DODO BIRDS & PASSENGER PIGEONS go EXTINCT?

A

Because of HUNTING PRESSURE

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8
Q

Where is Guam located?

A

It is a small island below Japan.

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9
Q

Where did the Brown Tree Snake come from?

A

Australia

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10
Q

How did the 1st pregnant Brown Tree Snake get to Guam?

A

A crate full of military supplies that was unloaded in Guam in WWII.

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11
Q

How many species of birds were eradicated by the Brown Tree Snake?

A

9 species, 5 of which were endemic

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12
Q

How do Brown Tree Snakes affect humans in Guam?

A
  • venomous..many snake bites per year
  • easily adapt to urban settings
  • crawl into homes
  • crawl onto Powerlines & cause power failures
  • poultry quickly eaten, thus difficult to raise poultry
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13
Q

How many Brown Tree Snakes are estimated to be on Guam?

A

2 million snakes

that’s 14,000 snakes per square mile-highest density in world

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14
Q

What are some of the effects of the loss of birds on Guam?

A

Increased number of SPIDERS–the new predators of insects

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15
Q

What is being done to reduce effects of Brown Tree Snakes in Guam?

A
  • 6,000 snakes trapped/year

- birds being CAPTIVE-BRED for eventual release to Guam

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16
Q

What is the GASTRIC BROODING FROG?

A
  • found in 1973 in N.Australia
  • swallows its eggs, they develop in stomach, frog spits them out
  • not seen since 1981 due to habitat destruction & feral pigs introduced
17
Q

What are MASS EXTINCTIONS?

A

When more than 50% of all life on Earth is wiped out.

18
Q

How many MASS EXTINCTIONS have there been in Earth’s history?

A

at least 5

19
Q

Which are the 2 most prominent Mass Extinctions?

A

Permian/Triassic
&
Cretaceous/Tertiary

20
Q

Permian/Triassic Mass Extinction

A
  • 248 MYA
  • 95% of all life went extinct
  • majority of species affected were marine organisms including Trilobites (54% of families of organism lost)
21
Q

What (probably) caused the Permian/Triassic Extinction?

A
  • Global cooling
  • Formation of the super continent Pangea
  • Glaciation at poles but Severe Warming & Cooling Cycles at Tropics & in Temperate Regions
  • Massive volcanic eruptions in today’s Siberia
  • Impact of a comet or asteroid
22
Q

Cretaceous/Tertiary Extinction

A
  • 65 MYA

- aprrox. 75% of life went extinct (17% of all families of organisms went extinct including dinosaurs)

23
Q

What caused the Cretaceous/Tertiary Extinction?

A
  • impact of comet or asteroid
  • massive volcanism in today’s India
  • BOTH EVENTS REDUCED PHOTOSYNTHESIS BY BLOCKING THE SUNLIGHT VIA DUST OR ASH
24
Q

What is the IMPACT THEORY?

A

Crater found in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico–150 miles with age of 65 MYA, probably from a COMET

  • Can cause GLOBAL FOREST FIRES b/c atmosphere would be heated by several
  • hundred degrees
  • dust thrown up would reduce solar radiation, stop photosynthesis
  • food chains would collapes
25
Q

What is a TEKTITE?

A

melted blobs of Earth’s rocks splashed up in an impact event (found near Yucatan)

26
Q

What is the latest mass extinction?

A

Anthropocene Mass Extinction

27
Q

Who is causing the Anthropocene Mass Extinction?

A

HUMANS

28
Q

How many species are going extinct PER YEAR due to human activity?

A

30,000 SPECIES

29
Q

How many species are estimated to be on Earth?

A

40 million species

30
Q

How do HUMANS affect the environment?

A
  • Habitat Destruction
  • Exploiting species by overuse
  • Pollution
  • Invasive Species Introduction
  • Climate change
31
Q

What is one of the mechanisms of EVOLUTION?

A

MASS EXTINCTION

32
Q

What happens when a large # of organisms go EXTINCT?

A

It opens up the chance for other organisms to evolve.

33
Q

What will the latest round of extinctions do for organisms?

A

Open up new niches for organisms to evolve into (may take millions of years)

34
Q

What does the Natural Selection Theory state?

A
  • variation exists in all traits
  • more young are born than can survive
  • some are better adapted than others
  • survivors will pass on their advantage to their young
35
Q

Only island in the world that has native frogs:

A

The Seychelles, middle of Indian Ocean

36
Q

T/F The Seychelle Frog is one of the smallest in the world.

A

TRUE

37
Q

How did the Seychelle Frog get to the Seychelles?

A

Seychelles is a piece of the Indian Continent that broke off & left behind as India headed towards collision with Asia

38
Q

How long have the Seychelles Islands been isolated?

A

85 million years

Botany (4 decks)

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