BIO122 Flashcards
Branches of Biology
virology, ethology, histology, cytology, biochemistry, ecology, genetics, evolutionary theory, microbiology, botany, zoology, and physiology
Botany
the study of plants
Virology
the study of viruses
Cytology
The study of cell structure and division
Characteristics of life
1.Response to the environment
2.Reproduction
3.Growth and development
4.Regulate
5.Evolutionary Adaption
6.Energy processing
7.Order
Level of hierarchy
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
system organs
organs
tissue
cell
molecule
atom
Genetics
the study of heredity and variation
Histology
the study of microscospics structure and tissue level
Scientific Method
1.Natural/discovery based science
-mostly about describing nature
-veriatiable obeservation and measurement
-inductive reasoning
-conclusion or discovery a general priciple=> Draw
2.Hypothesis based science
-predictions that can be tested by obeservation/experimentation
-perform experimentation
-deductive reasoning
-start with supplied information (premises)=> Draw
Step involved in the scientific method
observation—question—formulate hypothesis—design&conducting experiment—collect&analyze results—conclusion—communiting the result
variables
independent variable—the thing that being manipulated or change between the control and experiment groups
dependent variable—the thing that change as result of the experiment
controlled variable—the factors or condition that kept constar so they dont effect the result
types of data
qualitative—non numerical or descriptive&unstructured, often in the form of recorded description and words, gathered through observation/photographs/docents/audio/video refordings/interview, by categorize/interpret and summarize
quantitative—is numerical or descriptive&structure, generally can be counted/expressed as numerical measurement, obtained through experiment/test/survey, involve statistic such as ANOVA/t-test/correlation
Structure of water
-two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
-H20
-single oxygen contains 6 electrons in outermost (valance) shell
-polar molecular
-Has Covalent bond
1.Intramolecular forces
2.Strongest chemical bond
3.bond between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons
-Has hydrogen bond
1.weak chemical interaction than the intramolecular
-hydrophobic (scared of water)
-hydrophilic (loving of water)
-water tend to form hydrogen bonda with other water molecules
Nonpolar (covalent bond)
Equal sharing the electrons or similar of electronegativity
Polar
unequal sharing of electrons or different of electronegativity
Covalent bond
Nonpolar and polar
Properties of water
1.Cohesive and adhesive behavior
2.Ability to moderate temperature
3.Water expends as it freezes
4.Versality as a solvent
Cohasive and adhesive behavior
Capillary action: the process plants use to pull water up the plant (from roots to their leaves) from the ground
Cohasive and adhesive behavior
Transpiration : the loss of water from plants through evaporation
Acid
-Acidic solution have pH values than 7
for example, is in the human stomach
Acid
-Acidic solution have pH values than 7
for example, is in the human stomach
Acid
-when dissolved in water, it release H+ ions
for example, hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
acid
-it has a sour taste & can turn blue lit mus paper red
For example, Lemon
Base
-Most biological fluids have pH values in the range of 6 to 8
for example, norma blood is around 7.35 to 7.45
