BIO114 WEEK 6- WEEK 12 Flashcards
FINAL EXAM PAST QUESTIONS
Mammal develop by (conditional specification or autonomous)
Conditional specification
In mammals, within a few days after ovulation, which of the following hormones rises in concentration?
Progesterone
The main difference between the endocrine and exocrine glands is
That exocrine glands have ducts whereas endocrine glands do not
Monogamy…
Is often seen in mammalian species in which females live solitary
All hormones…
are carried to target cels in the blood
The endocrine system is not linked to the nervous system (True or False)
False
What does the 120/80 blood pressure represent?
The number 120 represents the systolic pressure in the aorta. The number 80 represents diastolic pressure of the aorta.
Varicose veins are:
When the valves in the veins are not working properly, resulting in the failure of the veins to return blood to the heart
Pleurisy in humans is:
The membrane consisiting of a layer of tissue that lines the inner side of the chest cavity and a layer of tissue that surrounds the lungs becomes inflamed
A marine starfish was mistakenly placed in freshwater by an incompetent zookeeper. It then died. What is the cause of its death?
The sea star is hypertonic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate
Functions of the kidneys
Filtration of blood, water reabsorption, and excretion of nitrogenous waste.
What is required for external fertilization?
Egg camouflage, adults live in an aquatic environment, very large number of eggs, synchronised sperm and egg release
What is the correct order of events in the human ovarian cycle?
FSH rise, Follicle growth, LH peak, Ovulation, Corpus luteum formation
What is a mode of reproduction that may lead to the offspring not being genetically identical to their parent?
Parthogenesis
Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because…
The rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume
The digestion of …. creates the greatest requirement for osmoregulation by the kidneys
Protein
If the active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules was to suddenly stop, how would your urine production be influenced?
urine production would increase due to the reduced water reabsorption, more diluted urine
Damage to the sinoatrial node would…
disrupt the rate and timing of cardia muscle contractions
In your kidneys, the fluid transfer from your glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule….
Is mainly a consequence of blood pressure force- filtering the fluid
If blocking the active transport in the loop of Henle…
A decrease in the concentration of NaCL, increasing in the amount of urea to maintain osmolarity, and a decrease in the filtrate concentration ability of the kidney would happen.
What is a gland found in the male reproductive system that is NOT found in the female reproductive system?
Bulbourethral gland
Gametogenesis…
The vast majority of female eggs will not be ovulated
Correct order of events during meiosis
DNA replication, recombination, homologous chromosome separation, sister-chromatid separation
The main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
Exocrine g. have ducts, endocrine g. do not
The… gland is not found in the human male
vestibular gland
Removing the atrioventricular node from the heart without disrupting signal transmission to the Purkinje fibers, would…
make the atria and ventricles contract at the same time
The cost of males refers to
The inefficiency of dioecious reproduction as only half of offspring can produce offspring
Which part of the vertebrate nephron consists of a dense bed of capillaries?
glomerulus
Urea is very insoluble in water (T or F)
False
Pulmocutaneous circulation in frogs refers to:
A method of blood oxygenation in amphibians in which both the skin and the lungs contribute to blood.
Which of the following features do the gas exchange system of all animals have in common?
The exchange surfaces are moist
Lung ventilation differs in different animals. Birds and frogs have … pressure, whilst mammals breath by… pressure.
positive, negative
WHich one of the following is extremely important for water conservation in mammals? (Justamedullary nephrons, Bowma’s capsule, urethra, podocytes)
Justaxmedullary nephrons
Through how many capillary beds must a human red blood cell travel if it takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
two
Neural plasticity
the capacity of the nervous system to be remodeled in response to its own activity
Synaptic pruning
Removing non-essential neuronal structures from the brain
One characteristic that distinguishes populations in an extinction vortex from most other populations is
Low genetic diversity
Innate behaviours…
are expressed in most individuals in a population
The principle of competitive exclusion states that
two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community
The key ion responsible for initiating neurotransmitter release is
Ca
Through which horn of the spinal cord does information leave the central nervous system
ventral horn
saltatory conduction requires
Na2 ions, oligodendrocytes and myelin
Predators that are keystone species can maintain species diversity in a community if they
prey on the community’s dominant species
What is a top down control on grassland community?
Effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity
SSRI drugs act by modulating levels of neurotransmitter by
Decreasing the transport of serotonin across the presynaptic membrane
Function of the corpus callosum
Aid communication between the right and left-hand side of the brain
The example of the snowshow and the lynx shows that
predation is the dominant factor affecting prey population cycling
Parkison’s disease symptoms result from
a decrease in dopaminergic signalling
What happens to the resting membrane potential in the retina when light strikes it?
Hyperpolarisation of the membrane
A function of the temporal love is to
process hearing and speech
A neuron transmitting signals from the brain to the PNS is described as an
efferent neuron
Normal resting membrane potential of a neuron
-70mV
What structure attached to hair cells in the ear detect balance and motion?
Cupula
Damage to the prefrontal cortex will cause
Reduced motivation and loss of planning skills
In the eye, light is detected by what cell type
Rods
What is the function of Schwan cells?
Produce myelin in the PNS
A population-carrying capacity
may change as environmental conditions change
What type of post synaptic potential would a ligand gated potassium channel cause?
Inbibitory
Neurotransmitter that bind to metabotrophic receptors have which of the following properties?
They modulate 2nd messenger pathways
What does EEG measure?
Change in voltage fluctuations within neurons in the cerebral cortex
Autism is linked to
a loss of neuronal plasticity and decrease in synaptic pruning
Refractory period
a period when another action potential cannot be initiated because sodium channels are closed
Food chains are sometimes short because
most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as energy passes to the next higher level
