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Bio114 > BIO114 WEEK 6- WEEK 12 > Flashcards

BIO114 WEEK 6- WEEK 12 Flashcards

FINAL EXAM PAST QUESTIONS

1
Q

Mammal develop by (conditional specification or autonomous)

A

Conditional specification

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2
Q

In mammals, within a few days after ovulation, which of the following hormones rises in concentration?

A

Progesterone

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3
Q

The main difference between the endocrine and exocrine glands is

A

That exocrine glands have ducts whereas endocrine glands do not

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4
Q

Monogamy…

A

Is often seen in mammalian species in which females live solitary

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5
Q

All hormones…

A

are carried to target cels in the blood

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6
Q

The endocrine system is not linked to the nervous system (True or False)

A

False

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7
Q

What does the 120/80 blood pressure represent?

A

The number 120 represents the systolic pressure in the aorta. The number 80 represents diastolic pressure of the aorta.

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8
Q

Varicose veins are:

A

When the valves in the veins are not working properly, resulting in the failure of the veins to return blood to the heart

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9
Q

Pleurisy in humans is:

A

The membrane consisiting of a layer of tissue that lines the inner side of the chest cavity and a layer of tissue that surrounds the lungs becomes inflamed

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10
Q

A marine starfish was mistakenly placed in freshwater by an incompetent zookeeper. It then died. What is the cause of its death?

A

The sea star is hypertonic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate

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11
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Filtration of blood, water reabsorption, and excretion of nitrogenous waste.

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12
Q

What is required for external fertilization?

A

Egg camouflage, adults live in an aquatic environment, very large number of eggs, synchronised sperm and egg release

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13
Q

What is the correct order of events in the human ovarian cycle?

A

FSH rise, Follicle growth, LH peak, Ovulation, Corpus luteum formation

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14
Q

What is a mode of reproduction that may lead to the offspring not being genetically identical to their parent?

A

Parthogenesis

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15
Q

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because…

A

The rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume

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16
Q

The digestion of …. creates the greatest requirement for osmoregulation by the kidneys

A

Protein

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17
Q

If the active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules was to suddenly stop, how would your urine production be influenced?

A

urine production would increase due to the reduced water reabsorption, more diluted urine

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18
Q

Damage to the sinoatrial node would…

A

disrupt the rate and timing of cardia muscle contractions

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19
Q

In your kidneys, the fluid transfer from your glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule….

A

Is mainly a consequence of blood pressure force- filtering the fluid

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20
Q

If blocking the active transport in the loop of Henle…

A

A decrease in the concentration of NaCL, increasing in the amount of urea to maintain osmolarity, and a decrease in the filtrate concentration ability of the kidney would happen.

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21
Q

What is a gland found in the male reproductive system that is NOT found in the female reproductive system?

A

Bulbourethral gland

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22
Q

Gametogenesis…

A

The vast majority of female eggs will not be ovulated

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23
Q

Correct order of events during meiosis

A

DNA replication, recombination, homologous chromosome separation, sister-chromatid separation

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24
Q

The main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

A

Exocrine g. have ducts, endocrine g. do not

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25
Q

The… gland is not found in the human male

A

vestibular gland

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26
Q

Removing the atrioventricular node from the heart without disrupting signal transmission to the Purkinje fibers, would…

A

make the atria and ventricles contract at the same time

27
Q

The cost of males refers to

A

The inefficiency of dioecious reproduction as only half of offspring can produce offspring

28
Q

Which part of the vertebrate nephron consists of a dense bed of capillaries?

A

glomerulus

29
Q

Urea is very insoluble in water (T or F)

A

False

30
Q

Pulmocutaneous circulation in frogs refers to:

A

A method of blood oxygenation in amphibians in which both the skin and the lungs contribute to blood.

31
Q

Which of the following features do the gas exchange system of all animals have in common?

A

The exchange surfaces are moist

32
Q

Lung ventilation differs in different animals. Birds and frogs have … pressure, whilst mammals breath by… pressure.

A

positive, negative

33
Q

WHich one of the following is extremely important for water conservation in mammals? (Justamedullary nephrons, Bowma’s capsule, urethra, podocytes)

A

Justaxmedullary nephrons

34
Q

Through how many capillary beds must a human red blood cell travel if it takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

A

two

35
Q

Neural plasticity

A

the capacity of the nervous system to be remodeled in response to its own activity

36
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Removing non-essential neuronal structures from the brain

37
Q

One characteristic that distinguishes populations in an extinction vortex from most other populations is

A

Low genetic diversity

38
Q

Innate behaviours…

A

are expressed in most individuals in a population

39
Q

The principle of competitive exclusion states that

A

two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community

40
Q

The key ion responsible for initiating neurotransmitter release is

A

Ca

41
Q

Through which horn of the spinal cord does information leave the central nervous system

A

ventral horn

42
Q

saltatory conduction requires

A

Na2 ions, oligodendrocytes and myelin

43
Q

Predators that are keystone species can maintain species diversity in a community if they

A

prey on the community’s dominant species

44
Q

What is a top down control on grassland community?

A

Effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity

45
Q

SSRI drugs act by modulating levels of neurotransmitter by

A

Decreasing the transport of serotonin across the presynaptic membrane

46
Q

Function of the corpus callosum

A

Aid communication between the right and left-hand side of the brain

47
Q

The example of the snowshow and the lynx shows that

A

predation is the dominant factor affecting prey population cycling

48
Q

Parkison’s disease symptoms result from

A

a decrease in dopaminergic signalling

49
Q

What happens to the resting membrane potential in the retina when light strikes it?

A

Hyperpolarisation of the membrane

50
Q

A function of the temporal love is to

A

process hearing and speech

51
Q

A neuron transmitting signals from the brain to the PNS is described as an

A

efferent neuron

52
Q

Normal resting membrane potential of a neuron

A

-70mV

53
Q

What structure attached to hair cells in the ear detect balance and motion?

A

Cupula

54
Q

Damage to the prefrontal cortex will cause

A

Reduced motivation and loss of planning skills

55
Q

In the eye, light is detected by what cell type

A

Rods

56
Q

What is the function of Schwan cells?

A

Produce myelin in the PNS

57
Q

A population-carrying capacity

A

may change as environmental conditions change

58
Q

What type of post synaptic potential would a ligand gated potassium channel cause?

A

Inbibitory

59
Q

Neurotransmitter that bind to metabotrophic receptors have which of the following properties?

A

They modulate 2nd messenger pathways

60
Q

What does EEG measure?

A

Change in voltage fluctuations within neurons in the cerebral cortex

61
Q

Autism is linked to

A

a loss of neuronal plasticity and decrease in synaptic pruning

62
Q

Refractory period

A

a period when another action potential cannot be initiated because sodium channels are closed

63
Q

Food chains are sometimes short because

A

most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as energy passes to the next higher level

Bio114 (2 decks)

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