Bio112 Lecture 15 Intro to Ecology and biomes Flashcards
What is ecology?
The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment. It explores patterns in distribution, abundance, and behavior of organisms.
Which scientific disciplines contribute to ecology?
Disciplines such as mathematics, statistics, chemistry, genetics, physiology, evolution, geology, and climatology.
What is the focus of biogeography?
The study of species distribution and diversity across geographic locations, influenced by abiotic and biotic factors.
What are abiotic factors affecting biogeography?
Latitude, altitude, water availability, light depth in aquatic environments, weather, geology, nutrient availability, and climate.
What are biotic factors affecting biogeography?
Presence of other species, competition, predators, mates, and food sources.
What is the difference between endemic and cosmopolitan species?
Endemic species are found in specific locations only. Cosmopolitan species are widespread across many regions.
How do aquatic systems influence species distributions?
Factors include salinity (fresh vs. marine), light availability, oxygen levels, water temperature, upwelling, and turnover.
How do terrestrial systems influence species distributions?
Wind patterns, fire frequency, and their effects on transpiration, nutrient cycling, and habitat structures.
What defines a biome?
A large ecological area with similar climate, abiotic conditions, and organisms. Biomes include terrestrial and aquatic types.
What are key traits of tropical rainforests?
High rainfall, consistent warm temperatures, broad-leaf plants, high productivity and biodiversity, and self-maintaining climate.
What are key traits of savannas?
Lower rainfall, seasonal dry periods, dominated by grasses and fire-adapted plants.
