BIO108 (Chemicals Signals in Animals) Flashcards
What is Gensan Physiology?
The study of the physiological functions of cells, tissues, and organs in the context of genomics.
True or False: Gensan Physiology focuses on the relationship between genes and physiological functions.
True
What does Gensan Physiology aim to understand?
How genetic information influences the function of cells, tissues, and organs.
Fill in the blank: Gensan Physiology is the study of physiological functions in the context of ________.
genomics
What is the primary focus of Gensan Physiology?
Exploring how genetic variations impact physiological processes.
What tools are commonly used in Gensan Physiology research?
Genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and functional genomics.
True or False: Gensan Physiology plays a crucial role in personalized medicine.
True
How does Gensan Physiology contribute to drug development?
By identifying genetic targets for therapeutic interventions.
What is the significance of Gensan Physiology in disease research?
It helps in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and developing targeted treatments.
What are some key applications of Gensan Physiology?
Precision medicine, pharmacogenomics, and disease biomarker discovery.
Which of the following is NOT a type of intercellular communication in animals?
a) Endocrine signaling
b) Neuroendocrine signaling
c) Paracrine signaling
d) Autocrine signaling
e) Exocrine signaling
e) Exocrine signaling
Which type of signaling involves secreted molecules diffusing locally and triggering a response in neighboring cells?
a) Endocrine signaling
b) Neuroendocrine signaling
c) Paracrine signaling
d) Autocrine signaling
e) Synaptic signaling
c) Paracrine signaling
Which of the following is NOT a class of secreted signaling molecules?
a) Local regulators
b) Neurotransmitters
c) Neurohormones
d) Pheromones
e) Antibodies
e) Antibodies
Which of the following is an example of a local regulator that acts as a neurotransmitter, antibacterial agent, and vasodilator?
a) Growth factors
b) Cytokines
c) Nitric oxide (NO)
d) Prostaglandins (PGs)
e) Epinephrine
c) Nitric oxide (NO)
Which of the following is an example of a local regulator that acts as a neurotransmitter, antibacterial agent, and vasodilator?
a) Growth factors
b) Cytokines
c) Nitric oxide (NO)
d) Prostaglandins (PGs)
e) Epinephrine
c) Nitric oxide (NO)
Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing water permeability in the kidney’s collecting ducts and causing vasoconstriction?
a) Insulin
b) Oxytocin
c) Epinephrine
d) ADH (vasopressin)
e) Testosterone
d) ADH (vasopressin)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipid-soluble hormones?
a) They are secreted by exocytosis.
b) They travel in the bloodstream bound to transport proteins.
c) They diffuse across cell membranes.
d) They bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells.
e) They can have a long half-life.
e) They can have a long half-life.
Which of the following is an example of a hormone that binds to cell-surface receptors and triggers the release of messenger molecules that activate enzymes?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Estrogen
d) Epinephrine
e) Testosterone
d) Epinephrine
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing hormone concentrations in the blood?
a) Rate of hormone secretion into the blood
b) Rate of removal of the hormone from the blood
c) Binding of the hormone to target cells
d) Excretion of the hormone by the liver and kidneys
e) The amount of food consumed
e) The amount of food consumed
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?
a) Increased blood sugar levels stimulate the release of insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels.
b) Labor contractions stimulate the release of oxytocin, which intensifies contractions.
c) A drop in blood pressure stimulates the release of epinephrine, which raises blood pressure.
d) The presence of a fetus in the uterus stimulates the release of estrogen, which prepares the uterus for childbirth.
e) None of the above
a) Increased blood sugar levels stimulate the release of insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels.
Which of the following is NOT a major class of hormones?
a) Polypeptides
b) Steroids
c) Amines
d) Carbohydrates
e) All of the above are major classes of hormones
d) Carbohydrates
Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter?
a) Insulin
b) Acetylcholine (ACh)
c) Cortisol
d) Estrogen
e) Testosterone
b) Acetylcholine (ACh)
Which of the following is an example of a pheromone?
a) Insulin
b) Acetylcholine (ACh)
c) ADH (vasopressin)
d) Estrogen
e) A chemical signal released by an ant to mark a trail to food
e) A chemical signal released by an ant to mark a trail to food
Which of the following is an example of a hormone that regulates growth and development?
a) Insulin
b) Growth hormone
c) Cortisol
d) Estrogen
e) Testosterone
b) Growth hormone
Which of the following is an example of a hormone that controls the function of various tissues?
a) Insulin
b) Growth hormone
c) Thyroid hormone
d) Estrogen
e) Testosterone
c) Thyroid hormone