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Bio107-ch4lab6 Flashcards

0
Q

Four primary tissues

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective tissues
  3. Muscle tissues
  4. Nervous tissues
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1
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Epithelium

A

Linings and coverings

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3
Q

Connective tissues

A

Connect, support, transport

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4
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Contract

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5
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Transmit information

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6
Q

Tissues are classified by

A

Layers and cell shapes

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7
Q

Layers

A

Simple or stratified

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8
Q

Cell shapes

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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9
Q

Order for writing out tissues

A
  1. Layer
  2. Shape
  3. Tissue type
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10
Q

Characteristics of epithelium

A
  1. Forms a covering or lining for the body, or organs, or body cavities
  2. Avascular- thin, no blood supply
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11
Q

Cell junctions (3 types)

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Gap junctions
  3. Desmosomes
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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

Description, function, location

A
  1. Single layer of flattened cells
  2. Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration
  3. Air sac of lungs, heart, blood vessels, lining of ventral body cavity
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13
Q

Simple squamous epithelium form

A

Serous membranes

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14
Q

Two types of serous membranes

A
  1. Mesothelium- visceral and parietal

2. Endothelium

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15
Q

Visceral ____ organs

A

Covers organs

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16
Q

Parietal ___ cavities

A

Lines cavities

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17
Q

Endothelium

A

Lines blood vessels

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18
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Description, function, location

A
  1. Single layer of cube like cells in circular clusters
  2. Secretion and absorption
  3. Kidney
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19
Q

Simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated)

Description, function, location

A
  1. Single layer of tall cells with oval nucleus
  2. Absorption and secretion of mucus and other substances
  3. Digestive tract
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20
Q

Columnar epithelial often contain

A

Goblet cells (mucus-secreting)

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21
Q

Pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium- ciliated

Description, function, location

A
  1. single layer of cells differing in heights with cilia on outside
  2. Secretes mucous
  3. Respiratory tract (smoking kills the cilia in lungs)
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22
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

Description, function, location

A
  1. Thick membrane composed of several cell layers
  2. Protects underlying tissues
  3. Nonkeratinized- mouth, vagina
    Keratinized- skin
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23
Q

Keratin

A

Waxy coating, coats skin so our cells don’t disintegrate in water

24
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Description, function, location

A
  1. Two layers of cube like cells
  2. Protection
  3. Ducts of sweat glands
25
Q 
Transitional epithelium 
(Description, function, location)
A
  1. A mix of cuboidal and columnar cells
  2. To stretch
  3. Ureters, bladder, urethra
26
Q

2 types of glands

A
  1. Exocrine glands

2. Endocrine glands

27
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Have ducts that secrete products OUTSIDE

Products: sweat, oil, wax, milk, mucus

28
Q

Goblet cells secrete

A

Mucus

Exocrine glands

29
Q

Endocrine glands

A

DUCTLESS, secretes products directly INTO the blood stream

Secretes hormones

30
Q

EXOcrine modes of secretion (3)

A
  1. Merocrine/Eccrine secretion
  2. Apocrine secretion
  3. Holocine secretion
31
Q

Mecrocrine / Eccrine secretion

A

Products are thin (not viscous), diffuse through cell membrane

Sweaty palms, forehead sweat

32
Q

Apocrine secretions

A

Products slightly viscous, exocytosis expels product

Mammary glands, musk glands, armpit, groin

33
Q

Holocrine secretions

A

Product very viscous, cell membrane ruptures

Oils and waxes

34
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete

35
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

36
Q

Vascular means

A

Ability to get blood, can rebuild tissues if damaged

37
Q

Avascular

A

Tissue has no blood supply

38
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Stem cells that can become anything

39
Q

Characteristics of connective tissues

A
  1. Connect, support, transport, or supply nutrients
  2. Vascular
  3. Cells attached by tight junctions
40
Q

Cells of areolar connective tissue

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophage
  3. Plasma cells
  4. Mast cells
  5. Adipose cells
  6. Red blood cells
  7. White blood cells
41
Q

Fibroblasts secrete

A

Collagen, elastin

Skin, tendons

42
Q

Macrophages

A

Engulf large particles, cells, or diseases

43
Q

Plasma cells produce

A

Antibodies

“Lymphocytes”

44
Q

Mast cells secrete

A

Histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant)

45
Q

Adipose cells

A

Large storage vacuole containing lipids

46
Q

Areolar connective tissue (loose)

Description, function, location

A
  1. “Yarn ball” stringy looking
  2. Wraps and cushions organs, important role in inflammation
  3. Under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries
47
Q 
Adipose tissues (loose connective)
(Description, function, location)
A
  1. Looks like giant marshmallows
  2. Insulates, protects, and supports organs
  3. Under skin - hypodermis
48
Q

Reticular connective tissues (loose)

Description, function, location

A
  1. Looks like cherry blossom tree or grapes
  2. Immune functions
  3. Lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen
49
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

Description, function, location

A
  1. Purple loose wavy
  2. Attaches muscles to bone, bone to bone, and muscles to muscle
  3. Tendons, ligaments
50
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

Description, function, location

A
  1. Jumbled waves, looks like muscle or meat
  2. Withstands tension, structural strength
  3. Capsules of joints
51
Q

Elastic connective tissue

Description, function, location

A
  1. Tight waves, compact
  2. Recoil of tissue and stretching
  3. Large arteries, bladder
52
Q

CARTILAGE: Hyaline cartilage

Description, function, location

A
  1. Cells with a white glow, round ish
  2. Supports and cushions
  3. Embryonic skeleton, covers ends of long bones, forms costal cartilage of ribs, nose, trachea, larynx
53
Q 
Elastic cartilage
(Description, function, location)
A
  1. Cells with a white glow but more elastic fibers
  2. Maintains shape of structure, flexible
  3. External ear, epiglottis
54
Q

Fibrocartilage

Description, function, location

A
  1. Blue and purple wavy
  2. Strength and absorbs shock
  3. Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint
55
Q 
Compact bone (Osseous tissue)
(Description, function, location)
A
  1. Tree stump with rings
  2. Supports and protects, stores calcium, site of hematopoiesis
  3. Bones
    NOT ON LAB EXAM
56
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

57
Q

Blood

Description, function, location

A
  1. Circular, RBC and WBC in fluid matrix
  2. Transports gases, nutrients, wastes to and from cells and tissues
  3. Within blood vessels, arteries, capillaries
    NOT ON LAB EXAM

Bio107-ch4lab6 (1 decks)

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