Bio107-ch3DNA

Question 0

Nucleic acids (2 kinds)

Answer 0

1. DNA 2. RNA

Question 1

Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and compartments rich in protein sets

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Characteristics of DNA

Answer 2

Double stranded, occurs in nucleus

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
A-t c-g

Question 3

Characteristics of RNA

Answer 3

Single stranded, occurs in nucleus AND cytoplasm

Adenine- URACIL, cytosine-guanine

Question 4

Three types of RNA

Answer 4

1. mRNA- messenger
2. rRNA- ribosomal
3. tRNA- transfer

Question 5

RNA _____s the nucleus

Answer 5

Leaves

Question 6

m-RNA function

Answer 6

Formed in nucleus, leaves via nuclear pores, usually goes to t-RNA

Question 7

t-RNA function

Answer 7

Moving from the nucleus to organelles (granular ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus etc)

Question 8

r-RNA function

Answer 8

Protein synthesis occurs using ribosomes

Question 9

Nuclear membrane=

Answer 9

Envelope / cell membrane

Question 10

Nuclear membrane is

Answer 10

Selectively permeable, double membrane, regulates transport

Encloses NUCLEOPLASM

Question 11

Nucleolus is the site of

Answer 11

1. Ribosome synthesis
2. RNA synthesis and storage
3. M-RNA created here

Question 12

Chromatin contains

Answer 12

Threadlike strands of DNA and histones

Question 13

Chromatin is arranged in units called

Answer 13

Nucleosomes

Question 14

Chromatin forms

Answer 14

Condensed chromosomes when the nucleus starts to divide

Question 15

Chromatin contains

Answer 15

GENES that code for specific characters

Question 16

Chromosomes are

Answer 16

What make you, you

Question 17

Who discovered DNA

Answer 17

Watson and Crick, Franklin

Question 18

Protein synthesis methods

Answer 18

1. Transcription

2. Translation

Question 19

Transcription

Answer 19

Occurs OUTSIDE the nucleus

Transcribes DNA to RNA
TCGA
AGCU

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

Assembles amino acids into proteins using t-RNA (PEPTIDE BONDS) along with m-RNA on ribosomes

Located on rough ER/granular

Question 21

Codon

Answer 21

3 amino acids grouped together (m-RNA)

Question 22

AUG is a common

Answer 22

Start codon

Question 23

Anti-codon

Answer 23

Complimentary to codon (t-RNA)

Question 24

Common anti-codon

Answer 24

UAC

Question 25

Stop codon

Answer 25

Stops/ends translation

Question 26

Common stop codon

Answer 26

UAG

Question 27

Transcription includes these key terms (5)

Answer 27

1. DNA 2. TATA box 3. Transcription factors 4. RNA polymer 5. ATP

Question 28

Translation involves these key terms (5)

Answer 28

1. Strand of m-RNA 2. Large and small ribosomal units and subunits 3. P-site 4. A-site 5. t-RNA- carrying free floating amino acids

Question 29

P-site is the

Answer 29

Left side and STARTING side

Question 30

A-site is the

Answer 30

Right side

Question 31

Codons: each triplicate of nucleotides codes for

Answer 31

A specific amino acid AUG - methionine

Question 32

Mutation

Answer 32

Change in the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand

Question 33

Mutagens

Answer 33

Agents that can CAUSE mutations

Question 34

Mutagens (examples)

Answer 34

Radiation, chemicals, drugs, viruses

Question 35

DNA replication

Answer 35

Duplication of DNA occurs during the "S" stage of interphase (interphase)

Question 36

____ chromosomes and ____ pairs

Answer 36

46 chromosomes | 23 pairs

Question 37

Autosomes have ____ # of pairs

Answer 37

22 pairs plus 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 38

DNA replication can only occur with a ____ ratio

Answer 38

3' to 5' (prime)

Question 39

3' to 5' are complementary like

Answer 39

A pairing with T | G pairing with C

Question 40

DNA Replication terms to know (6)

Answer 40

1. Helicase 2. DNA polymerase 3. DNA ligase 4. Semi-conservative 5. Primase 6. Okazaki (fragments)

Question 41

Helicase

Answer 41

Unwinds DNA into 2 single strands

Question 42

DNA polymerase

Answer 42

Extends nucleus acid strand

Question 43

DNA ligase

Answer 43

Links gaps in DNA strands (fills in gaps) for one continuous strand

Question 44

Semi-conservative

Answer 44

Starts with parent strands that are identically copied | Split and then copied

Question 45

Primase

Answer 45

Makes a starting point on DNA

Question 46

Okazaki (fragments)

Answer 46

Removes something?