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Bio 105 > BIO105 Chapter 1: The Scientific Study Of Life > Flashcards

BIO105 Chapter 1: The Scientific Study Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.

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2
Q

All organisms are made of

A

cells and DNA.

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3
Q

Cells are

A

the basic units of life

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4
Q

Organism

A

Living individual

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5
Q

Every _____ consists of one or more ____.

A

organisms, cells

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6
Q

DNA

A

The molecule that carries genetic information. It is what is passed on to the next generation.

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7
Q

What do cells use to produce proteins?

A

DNA, which carry out the work that cells do.

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8
Q

Importance of Biology

A

Understanding biology helps us understand the natural world, human health, and the environment.

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9
Q

Levels of Biological Organization

A

Hierarchical structure of biological systems, including atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.

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10
Q

Characteristics of Living Organisms

A

Features that define life: organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, response to stimuli, and adaptation through evolution.

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10
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes. (Cell/Organisms maintains internal equilibrium)

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10
Q

Cell

A

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, which can be unicellular or multicellular.

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11
Q

Metabolism

A

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions within living organisms, including catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) processes.

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11
Q

Peer Review

A

The evaluation of research by other experts in the field before publication, ensuring credibility, validity, and significance.

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12
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The factor that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable

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12
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

An experiment where all variables except the one being tested are kept constant to ensure that observed effects are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

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13
Q

Independent Variable

A

The factor that is deliberately changed or manipulated in an experiment.

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14
Q

Theory

A

A broad, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed.

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15
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested through scientific investigation.

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16
Q

Scientific Method

A

A systematic approach to research involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion.

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17
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Cells without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

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18
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Cells with a nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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19
Q

Evolution

A

The process through which populations of organisms change over time due to genetic variations and natural selection.

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20
Q

Natural Selection

A

The process by which organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.

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21
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the entire planet, contributing to ecosystem health and stability.

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22
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Descriptive data involving characteristics that are observed but not measured (e.g., color, texture).

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23
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Numerical data involving measurements (e.g., height, weight).

24
Q

All life shares

A

Five characteristics

25
Q

Ecosystem

A

Living and non living components of an area.

26
Q

The matter that makes up life (Living and non living) is organized

A

into atoms.

27
Q

Single Celled Organism

A

Composed of one cell. Ex: Bacteria, Amoebas

28
Q

Organism

A

A single living individual.

29
Q

Organ

A

A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions. Tissues are organized into this.

29
Q

Organ System

A

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together.

30
Q

Tissue

A

A Collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion. Cells are organized into this. (Ex: Epidermis of a leaf)

30
Q

All life is composed of cells, although some cells do not

A

have organelles

31
Q

Cell

A

The fundamental unit of life (Ex: Leaf Cell)

32
Q

Organelle

A

A membrane bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell. (Ex: Chloroplast) Molecules are organized into this.

33
Q

Molecule

A

A group of joined atoms. (ex: DNA)

34
Q

Atom

A

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance.

35
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Only One parent is involved and the offspring are genetically identical to the parents.

36
Q

Decomposers

A

Consumers that obtain nutrients from dead organisms and organic wastes

37
Q

Primary Producers

A

Extract energy and nutrients from the nonliving environment

37
Q

Five characteristics of life

A

1.Organization
2.Energy
3.Internal Constancy
4.Reproduction Growth and Development 5.Evolution

38
Q

Consumers

A

Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms

39
Q

Emergent Properties

A

Arise at each level of biological organizations. The components interact and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

40
Q

Ecosystems

A

The living and nonliving components of an area. Communities are organized into this.

41
Q

Biosphere

A

The global ecosystem. The parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible.

42
Q

Communities

A

All populations that occupy the same region.

43
Q

Population

A

A group of the same species of organism living in the same place and time.

44
Q

Growth

A

An increase in an organisms size usually by the way of cell division

44
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Two parents are involved and the offspring are genetically different from the parents.

45
Q

Development

A

Changes that occur as an organism matures including growth cell specialization and other processes

46
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of classifying organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences. It provides a systematic framework for naming and organizing living things into hierarchical categories.

47
Q

All forms of life can be broadly categorized as

A
  1. Domain Bacteria
  2. Domain Archaea
  3. Domain Eukarya
48
Q

Domains are divided into

A

Kingdoms

49
Q

Domains Bacteria & Archaea consists of

A

small prokaryotic and unicellular organisms.

50
Q

Organisms in domain eukarya have

A

larger more complex cells with nuclei

51
Q

Protist are the most

A

Diverse group of eukaryotes with multiple linages. (Amoebas, slime molds, algae)

52
Q

Animals

A

Familiar group of eukaryotes, including vertebrates (fish, frogs, mammals) as well as invertebrates (bees)

53
Q

Scientific theory

A

A broad explanation for a natural phenomenon.

54
Q

Experimental Groups

A

May or may not show different results from the control group.

55
Q

Control Group

A

Baseline used for comparison

56
Q

Standardized Variable

A

Held Constant for all subjects in an experiment.

57
Q

Energy from plants

A

Is passed to consumers and decomposers.

58
Q

Plants

A

Producers that capture light energy from the sun.

59
Q

Fungi are natures

A

decomposers.

Bio 105 (1 decks)

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