BIO1022 Life on Earth_5 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does root growth differ from shoot growth?

A

Roots lack meristematic tissue and have a cap at the tip.

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2
Q

What is an Auxin is a plant hormone that:

A

Is produced primarily in shoot apical meristems and young leaves and results in cells elongating

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3
Q

What is an outcome or advantage of a two-cycle heart when compared with an amphibian heart?

A

A two-cycle heart:

* Increases the efficiency of the circulatory system
* Creates a true double circulatory system
* Separates oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood.
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4
Q

What part of the bacteria controls resistance to antibiotics?

A

Its genetic make up

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5
Q

Fill the blanks

Bone tissue consists of __________ cells in a matrix of __________.

A

Bone tissue consists of osteoblast cells in a matrix of collagen and calcium phosphate.

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6
Q

How does the shoot apical meristem maintains a constant size, even though it is a zone of active cell division?

A

Cells further from the shoot tip ceasing to divide

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7
Q

What is a Tetrapoda?

A

A monophyletic group that had a common ancestor with 4 legs.

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8
Q

When analysing why an animal exhibits a particular behaviour, Tinbergen divided the question of “why does an animal exhibit a particular behaviour ?” into four parts

  • Causation
  • development
  • adaptive function
  • evolutionary history.

These four parts refer to:

A

Causation = Physiological causes

Development = Genetic and environmental influences

Adaptive function = Improving the individual’s ability to survive and reproduce

evolutionary history = How the behaviour evolved over time

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9
Q

Reefs are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Pollution, overexploitation and ocean acidification are major threats. Global warming is also contributing to their demise by raising sea water temperatures above the range in which corals thrive. What is the most correct order of sequences in temperature- induced coral bleaching?

A
  1. Increased temperature affects algae within coral polyp
  2. Algae produces reactive O₂
  3. Species coral’s immune system activates
  4. Attacks and expels algae
  5. Coral bleaching
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10
Q

Material properly considered part of a pollen grain includes:

A

Male gametophyte and sporopollenin

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT consistent with distinguishing an animal from other life forms?

  1. multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryote
  2. structural proteins such as collagen
  3. impulse conduction and movement
  4. regulatory genes called Hox genes
  5. sexual reproduction
A

The correct answer is: multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryote

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12
Q

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are?

A

TLRs are a family of PRRs

PRR = Pattern recognition receptors

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13
Q

Characteristic of angiosperms include:

4 characteristics

A

Coevolution with animal pollinators

Double internal fertilization

Pistils

Fruit

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14
Q

When would resource partitioning most likely to occur?

A

Between sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.

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15
Q

How is it possible that plants can choose mates when they are sessile?

A

By having male and female reproductive structures that mature at different times

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16
Q

The presence of what is a shared derived characteristic for the arthropod subgroup Chelicerata ?

A

Chelicerae

17
Q

How does Meiosis occur in all land plants.

A

Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores

18
Q

What is the correct sequence during alternation of generations in a flowering plant?

A

sporophyte

→ meiosis

> →gametophyte> →gametes> →fertilization> →diploid zygote

19
Q

What does the clonal selection theory imply?

A

That antigens activate specific lymphocytes

20
Q

What are the food reserves of a conifer seed drived from?

A

The food reserves are derived from gametophyte tissue

21
Q

What is the best description of antagonistic interactions?

A

An interaction in which one party gains while the other is disadvantaged

22
Q

What is a Cephalization primarily?

A

An adaptation to movement