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biology 🫀 revision guide > Bio1: Cell Structure > Flashcards

Bio1: Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all living things made up of?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Describe Eukaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotic cells are complex and include animal and plant cells.

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4
Q

Describe Prokaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e.g. Bacteria

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5
Q

What is a Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of Eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

What is a Prokaryote?

A

A Prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (its a single-celled organism)

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7
Q

what are parts of the cell called?

A

Sub-cellular structures

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The Nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
-animal and plant-

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9
Q

Explain the function of the cytoplasm

A

The cytoplasm is a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions. - animal and plant-

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. -animal and plant-

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11
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell - animal and plant-

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12
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Enable production of proteins (protein synthesis) -animal and plant-

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13
Q

Do plant cells have the same Subcellular structures as Animal cells

A

Plant cells usually have all the bits that animal cells and extra things that animal cells don’t have

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14
Q

Name 5 things in plant cells that are also in animal cells

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
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15
Q

Explain Rigid cell wall in the plant cell

A

The Rigid cell wall is made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it.
- plant-

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16
Q

Explain the Permanent vacuole in the plant cell

A

The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

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17
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

18
Q

what type of cell is a Bacteria cell

A

Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes

19
Q

What do bacteria cells have in common with animal and plant cells?

A

Bacteria cells have a cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall

20
Q

Explain the nucleus in the bacterial cell

A

Bacterial cells don’t have a “true” nucleus, instead they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.

21
Q

Explain the Plasmids in the Bacterial cell

A

The plasmids are one or more small rings of DNA

22
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

A

In the nucleus

23
Q

whatwhat is the fuction of the

A
24
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in the prokaryotic cell?

A

A single loop of DNA

25
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

A

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

26
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

Carries oxygen around the body

27
Q

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell

A

No nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disc shape

28
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

Carries electrical impulses around the body

29
Q

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell

A

Branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon

30
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

Fertilises an ovum (egg)

31
Q

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell

A

Tail, contains lots of mitochondria

32
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

33
Q

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell

A

Lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf

34
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

35
Q

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell

A

Long projection, lots of mitochondria

36
Q

How to calculate the magnification of an image

A

Magnification = image size/ actual sizw

37
Q

Light microscope

A

-uses light to form images
-living samples can be viewed
-relatively cheap
-low magnification
-low resolution

38
Q

Electron microscope

A

-uses a beam of electrons to form images
-samples cannot be living
-expensive
-high resolution
-high magnification
-can see sub-cellular structures which can’t be seen with a light microscope

39
Q

Specialised cells

A

Cells in animal and plants differentiate to form different types of cells. Most animal cells differentiate at an early stage of development, whereas a plants cells differentiate throughout its lifetime

40
Q

Name 6 specialised cells?

A

-sperm cell
-red blood cell
-root hair cell
-muscle cell
-palisade cell
-nerve cell

biology 🫀 revision guide (3 decks)

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