Bio1: Cell Structure

Question 1

What are all living things made up of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Question 3

Describe Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells are complex and include animal and plant cells.

Question 4

Describe Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e.g. Bacteria

Question 5

What is a Eukaryotes?

Answer 5

Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of Eukaryotic cells

Question 6

What is a Prokaryote?

Answer 6

A Prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (its a single-celled organism)

Question 7

what are parts of the cell called?

Answer 7

Sub-cellular structures

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

The Nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
-animal and plant-

Question 9

Explain the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 9

The cytoplasm is a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions. - animal and plant-

Question 10

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. -animal and plant-

Question 11

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 11

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell - animal and plant-

Question 12

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Enable production of proteins (protein synthesis) -animal and plant-

Question 13

Do plant cells have the same Subcellular structures as Animal cells

Answer 13

Plant cells usually have all the bits that animal cells and extra things that animal cells don’t have

Question 14

Name 5 things in plant cells that are also in animal cells

Answer 14

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes

Question 15

Explain Rigid cell wall in the plant cell

Answer 15

The Rigid cell wall is made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it.
- plant-

Question 16

Explain the Permanent vacuole in the plant cell

Answer 16

The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 17

What is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 17

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 18

what type of cell is a Bacteria cell

Answer 18

Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes

Question 19

What do bacteria cells have in common with animal and plant cells?

Answer 19

Bacteria cells have a cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall

Question 20

Explain the nucleus in the bacterial cell

Answer 20

Bacterial cells don’t have a “true” nucleus, instead they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.

Question 21

Explain the Plasmids in the Bacterial cell

Answer 21

The plasmids are one or more small rings of DNA

Question 22

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

Answer 22

In the nucleus

Question 23

whatwhat is the fuction of the

Question 24

What is the structure of the main genetic material in the prokaryotic cell?

Answer 24

A single loop of DNA

Question 25

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

Answer 25

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

Question 26

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 26

Carries oxygen around the body

Question 27

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 27

No nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disc shape

Question 28

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 28

Carries electrical impulses around the body

Question 29

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 29

Branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon

Question 30

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 30

Fertilises an ovum (egg)

Question 31

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 31

Tail, contains lots of mitochondria

Question 32

What is the function of a palisade cell?

Answer 32

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

Question 33

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell

Answer 33

Lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf

Question 34

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 34

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Question 35

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 35

Long projection, lots of mitochondria

Question 36

How to calculate the magnification of an image

Answer 36

Magnification = image size/ actual sizw

Question 37

Light microscope

Answer 37

-uses light to form images -living samples can be viewed -relatively cheap -low magnification -low resolution

Question 38

Electron microscope

Answer 38

-uses a beam of electrons to form images -samples cannot be living -expensive -high resolution -high magnification -can see sub-cellular structures which can’t be seen with a light microscope

Question 39

Specialised cells

Answer 39

Cells in animal and plants differentiate to form different types of cells. Most animal cells differentiate at an early stage of development, whereas a plants cells differentiate throughout its lifetime

Question 40

Name 6 specialised cells?

Answer 40

-sperm cell -red blood cell -root hair cell -muscle cell -palisade cell -nerve cell