bio year 10

Question 1

What dose PMAT stand for

Answer 1

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telopahse

Question 2

what is DNA?

Answer 2

DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.

Question 3

what are chromosomes?

Answer 3

A long strand of DNA containing genes.

Question 4

what are genes?

Answer 4

Genes are sections of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Question 5

what are 4 things about mitosis?

Answer 5

creates body cells, PMAT X1, creates 2 daughter cells, creates identical daughter cells.

Question 6

what are 4 things about meiosis?

Answer 6

creates sex cells, PMAT X2, creates 4 daughter cells, non identical daughter cells.

Question 7

what is similar between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 7

cell devision occurs in both, interphase happens before, PMAT is a shared process.

Question 8

what is hetrozygous?

Answer 8

2 different alleles Aa

Question 9

what is homozygous

Answer 9

2 of the same allele AA

Question 10

what is heterozygous dominant?

Answer 10

they have to carry the dominant gene meaning they are a carrier Aa

Question 11

what are genotypes?

Answer 11

genetic makeup of an individual

Question 12

what are phenotypes?

Answer 12

physical characters of a organism.

Question 13

what is a males chromosomes and what do they carry the allele on?

Answer 13

XY and only on the X no allele on the Y

Question 14

what is a females chromosome and what do they carry the allele on?

Answer 14

XX and on both XX

Question 15

what is a mutation?

Answer 15

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 16

what can cause mutations

Answer 16

Mutations can occur due to mistakes when our bodies are copping DNA or because of environmental factors.

Question 17

what is a bad mutation

Answer 17

cancer

Question 18

are mutations always bad?

Answer 18

Most mutations don’t make any difference to the organism, second to that mutations are harmful, and rarely mutations can actually be beneficial (if a good mutation is accumulated in a population, then this is called evolution).

Question 19

what are the base pairs

Answer 19

A-T
C-G

Question 20

how many chromosomes dose a sex cell have

Answer 20

23

Question 21

how does fertilization relate to meiosis

Answer 21

DNA from the mother and father is joined together by fertilization

Question 22

why is cell division important?

Answer 22

Allows organisms to grow, repair damage, new cells can only be made when pre-existing ones divide, and to reproduce

Question 23

why is cancer a bad mutation?

Answer 23

cancer cells lose the ability to know when to start and stop different parts of a cell cycle(mitosis)

Question 24

how does fertilization work?

Answer 24

to reproduce we need sex cells that can fuse together during fertilisation. an egg cell from a female needs to fuse with a sex cell from a male. se cells should have half the number of chromosomes of a normal body cell. sex cells are produced in meiosis.

Question 25

what is DNA

Answer 25

DNA is the complex chemical that carries genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.

Question 26

3 things about meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 26

cell devision occurs in both, interphase happens before, PMAT is a shared process.

Question 27

how do you calculate genotypes?

Answer 27

by doing a punnet square and then writing down the letters from the boxes down.

Question 28

how do you calculate phenotypes?

Answer 28

do a punnet square and then calculate the % of each genotype. (one square is 25%)

Question 29

how do you do a pedigree?

Answer 29

write the affected alleles (aa) always in little letters. then work out the marriage of the first couple and their genotypes then work down with their genotypes by doing a punnet square if needed.